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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about acidemia?
Which of the following is a component of the bicarbonate buffer system?
Which of the following is NOT one of the lines of defense in acid-base homeostasis?
Which system is responsible for adding or removing bicarbonate ions to or from the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
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What happens to the plasma pH when bicarbonate ions are secreted into the blood plasma?
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Which buffer is the most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
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What is the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation used for?
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Which equation represents the relationship between pH, bicarbonate concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the extracellular fluid?
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What is the molar concentration of carbonic acid in the extracellular fluid denoted as?
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Which of the following can regulate the pH of the extracellular fluids?
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Homeostasis
- Acidemia refers to a state of abnormally low pH in the blood, i.e., acidic blood.
Bicarbonate Buffer System
- The bicarbonate buffer system consists of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).
- This system is responsible for maintaining the acid-base balance in the body.
Lines of Defense in Acid-Base Homeostasis
- The three lines of defense in acid-base homeostasis are the buffering of excess hydrogen ions, the regulation of respiratory rate, and the regulation of kidney function.
Regulation of Bicarbonate Ions
- The kidneys are responsible for adding or removing bicarbonate ions to or from the extracellular fluid (ECF).
Effects of Bicarbonate Secretion
- When bicarbonate ions are secreted into the blood plasma, the plasma pH increases, i.e., the blood becomes more alkaline.
Abundance of Buffers in Extracellular Fluid
- The bicarbonate buffer is the most abundant buffer in the extracellular fluid.
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
- The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution based on the concentration of bicarbonate ions and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
- The equation represents the relationship between pH, bicarbonate concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the extracellular fluid: pH = pKa + log([HCO3-]/[H2CO3]).
Carbonic Acid Concentration
- The molar concentration of carbonic acid in the extracellular fluid is denoted as H2CO3.
Regulation of pH in Extracellular Fluids
- The kidneys, lungs, and buffer systems can regulate the pH of the extracellular fluids.
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Description
Test your knowledge on acid-base homeostasis and its importance in maintaining the body's pH balance. Learn about the regulation of extracellular fluid and its impact on cellular metabolism.
