10 Questions
Which of the following is true about acidemia?
It causes denaturation of proteins
Which of the following is a component of the bicarbonate buffer system?
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT one of the lines of defense in acid-base homeostasis?
Metabolic component
Which system is responsible for adding or removing bicarbonate ions to or from the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Renal system
What happens to the plasma pH when bicarbonate ions are secreted into the blood plasma?
The plasma pH rises
Which buffer is the most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
Bicarbonate (HCO−3) salt
What is the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation used for?
To calculate the pH of the extracellular fluid
Which equation represents the relationship between pH, bicarbonate concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the extracellular fluid?
pH = 6.1 + log10([HCO3-]/0.0307 × PCO2)
What is the molar concentration of carbonic acid in the extracellular fluid denoted as?
[H2CO3]
Which of the following can regulate the pH of the extracellular fluids?
Both PCO2 and HCO3-
Study Notes
Acid-Base Homeostasis
- Acidemia refers to a state of abnormally low pH in the blood, i.e., acidic blood.
Bicarbonate Buffer System
- The bicarbonate buffer system consists of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-).
- This system is responsible for maintaining the acid-base balance in the body.
Lines of Defense in Acid-Base Homeostasis
- The three lines of defense in acid-base homeostasis are the buffering of excess hydrogen ions, the regulation of respiratory rate, and the regulation of kidney function.
Regulation of Bicarbonate Ions
- The kidneys are responsible for adding or removing bicarbonate ions to or from the extracellular fluid (ECF).
Effects of Bicarbonate Secretion
- When bicarbonate ions are secreted into the blood plasma, the plasma pH increases, i.e., the blood becomes more alkaline.
Abundance of Buffers in Extracellular Fluid
- The bicarbonate buffer is the most abundant buffer in the extracellular fluid.
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
- The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate the pH of a solution based on the concentration of bicarbonate ions and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
- The equation represents the relationship between pH, bicarbonate concentration, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the extracellular fluid: pH = pKa + log([HCO3-]/[H2CO3]).
Carbonic Acid Concentration
- The molar concentration of carbonic acid in the extracellular fluid is denoted as H2CO3.
Regulation of pH in Extracellular Fluids
- The kidneys, lungs, and buffer systems can regulate the pH of the extracellular fluids.
Test your knowledge on acid-base homeostasis and its importance in maintaining the body's pH balance. Learn about the regulation of extracellular fluid and its impact on cellular metabolism.
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