Acid-Base Balance Mechanisms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal pH range for maintaining acid-base balance in the extracellular compartment?

  • 6.8 to 7.8
  • 7.2 to 7.4
  • 7.35 to 7.45 (correct)
  • 7.0 to 7.5

    • Which mechanism is primarily responsible for rapid compensation in acid-base balance?

  • Hormonal regulation
  • Renal function
  • Buffer systems (correct)
  • Immune response

    • What is the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio in the body's major extracellular buffer system?

  • 25:1
  • 20:1 (correct)
  • 15:1
  • 10:1

    • What happens to the pH if the bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio deviates from 20:1?

    <p>It leads to acid-base imbalance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body compensate when it becomes too acidic?

    <p>It removes excess hydrogen ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for maintaining acid-base balance?

    <p>Muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicator is primarily used to assess acid-base balance in the blood?

    <p>Hydrogen ion concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When carbon dioxide levels increase, what happens to carbonic acid levels?

    <p>They increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action do the kidneys take in response to metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Excrete hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the lungs during metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Decreased respiratory rate to retain CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Low pH and low plasma bicarbonate concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the anion gap indicate in plasma?

    <p>Unmeasured anions such as phosphates and sulfates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation is typically used to calculate the anion gap?

    <p>Anion gap = NA+ - (Cl- + HCO3-)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for the anion gap without potassium in the equation?

    <p>8 to 12 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys respond to respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Excrete bicarbonate ions and retain hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following buffers is classified as an intracellular buffer?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What urine chloride concentration level indicates hypovolemia and hypochloremia?

    <p>Less than 15 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with low urine chloride concentrations?

    <p>Mineralocorticoid excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is primarily aimed at correcting metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Administering sodium chloride fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Inadequate ventilation leading to CO2 retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What urine chloride concentration level may indicate mineralocorticoid excess or alkali loading?

    <p>Exceeds 40 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication can help decrease metabolic alkalosis associated with gastric suction?

    <p>H2 receptor antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is respiratory acidosis defined in terms of pH and PaCO2 levels?

    <p>pH less than 7.35 and PaCO2 greater than 42 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be monitored carefully in patients with metabolic alkalosis to prevent further complications?

    <p>Fluid intake and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of chronic PaCO2 levels being higher than 50 mm Hg?

    <p>Hypoxemia becomes the major drive for respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated when arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH lower than 7.35?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic measure is essential for suspected respiratory infections?

    <p>Chest x-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of the medical management of respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Improving ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to avoid complications of mechanical ventilation?

    <p>Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for clearing the respiratory tract of mucus?

    <p>Pulmonary hygiene measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In patients with chronic respiratory acidosis, why should oxygen be administered cautiously?

    <p>It may remove the stimulus of hypoxemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position to facilitate chest wall expansion in respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Semi-Fowler’s position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial treatment for respiratory alkalosis caused by anxiety?

    <p>Breathe more slowly or into a closed system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition cannot exist as a mixed acid-base disorder?

    <p>Mixed respiratory acidosis and alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the lungs compensate for metabolic disturbances?

    <p>By increasing CO2 excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Increasing bicarbonate excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of blood gas analysis?

    <p>To identify specific acid-base disturbances and the degree of compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about compensation for acid-base disorders is accurate?

    <p>Lungs compensate for metabolic imbalances rapidly, while kidneys take longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which scenario is metabolic acidosis likely to be compensated by increasing ventilation rate?

    <p>Lactic acid build-up from vigorous exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a normal compensation ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?

    <p>20:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

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