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Questions and Answers
What is the normal pH range for maintaining acid-base balance in the extracellular compartment?
What is the normal pH range for maintaining acid-base balance in the extracellular compartment?
- 6.8 to 7.8
- 7.2 to 7.4
- 7.35 to 7.45 (correct)
- 7.0 to 7.5
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for rapid compensation in acid-base balance?
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for rapid compensation in acid-base balance?
- Hormonal regulation
- Renal function
- Buffer systems (correct)
- Immune response
What is the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio in the body's major extracellular buffer system?
What is the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio in the body's major extracellular buffer system?
- 25:1
- 20:1 (correct)
- 15:1
- 10:1
What happens to the pH if the bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio deviates from 20:1?
What happens to the pH if the bicarbonate and carbonic acid ratio deviates from 20:1?
How does the body compensate when it becomes too acidic?
How does the body compensate when it becomes too acidic?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for maintaining acid-base balance?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for maintaining acid-base balance?
What indicator is primarily used to assess acid-base balance in the blood?
What indicator is primarily used to assess acid-base balance in the blood?
When carbon dioxide levels increase, what happens to carbonic acid levels?
When carbon dioxide levels increase, what happens to carbonic acid levels?
Which action do the kidneys take in response to metabolic acidosis?
Which action do the kidneys take in response to metabolic acidosis?
What occurs in the lungs during metabolic alkalosis?
What occurs in the lungs during metabolic alkalosis?
What is the primary characteristic of metabolic acidosis?
What is the primary characteristic of metabolic acidosis?
What does the anion gap indicate in plasma?
What does the anion gap indicate in plasma?
Which equation is typically used to calculate the anion gap?
Which equation is typically used to calculate the anion gap?
What is the normal range for the anion gap without potassium in the equation?
What is the normal range for the anion gap without potassium in the equation?
How do the kidneys respond to respiratory alkalosis?
How do the kidneys respond to respiratory alkalosis?
Which of the following buffers is classified as an intracellular buffer?
Which of the following buffers is classified as an intracellular buffer?
What urine chloride concentration level indicates hypovolemia and hypochloremia?
What urine chloride concentration level indicates hypovolemia and hypochloremia?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with low urine chloride concentrations?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with low urine chloride concentrations?
Which treatment is primarily aimed at correcting metabolic alkalosis?
Which treatment is primarily aimed at correcting metabolic alkalosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
What urine chloride concentration level may indicate mineralocorticoid excess or alkali loading?
What urine chloride concentration level may indicate mineralocorticoid excess or alkali loading?
Which medication can help decrease metabolic alkalosis associated with gastric suction?
Which medication can help decrease metabolic alkalosis associated with gastric suction?
How is respiratory acidosis defined in terms of pH and PaCO2 levels?
How is respiratory acidosis defined in terms of pH and PaCO2 levels?
What must be monitored carefully in patients with metabolic alkalosis to prevent further complications?
What must be monitored carefully in patients with metabolic alkalosis to prevent further complications?
What is the consequence of chronic PaCO2 levels being higher than 50 mm Hg?
What is the consequence of chronic PaCO2 levels being higher than 50 mm Hg?
What is indicated when arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH lower than 7.35?
What is indicated when arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH lower than 7.35?
Which diagnostic measure is essential for suspected respiratory infections?
Which diagnostic measure is essential for suspected respiratory infections?
What is a primary goal of the medical management of respiratory acidosis?
What is a primary goal of the medical management of respiratory acidosis?
What should be monitored to avoid complications of mechanical ventilation?
What should be monitored to avoid complications of mechanical ventilation?
What is the primary treatment for clearing the respiratory tract of mucus?
What is the primary treatment for clearing the respiratory tract of mucus?
In patients with chronic respiratory acidosis, why should oxygen be administered cautiously?
In patients with chronic respiratory acidosis, why should oxygen be administered cautiously?
What is the recommended position to facilitate chest wall expansion in respiratory acidosis?
What is the recommended position to facilitate chest wall expansion in respiratory acidosis?
What is the recommended initial treatment for respiratory alkalosis caused by anxiety?
What is the recommended initial treatment for respiratory alkalosis caused by anxiety?
Which condition cannot exist as a mixed acid-base disorder?
Which condition cannot exist as a mixed acid-base disorder?
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic disturbances?
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic disturbances?
Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in respiratory alkalosis?
Which of the following best describes the role of the kidneys in respiratory alkalosis?
What is the primary purpose of blood gas analysis?
What is the primary purpose of blood gas analysis?
Which statement about compensation for acid-base disorders is accurate?
Which statement about compensation for acid-base disorders is accurate?
During which scenario is metabolic acidosis likely to be compensated by increasing ventilation rate?
During which scenario is metabolic acidosis likely to be compensated by increasing ventilation rate?
Which of the following best describes a normal compensation ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?
Which of the following best describes a normal compensation ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?
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