Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the pH range for normal blood acidity?
What is the pH range for normal blood acidity?
- 7.0 to 6.9
- 6.8 to 7.2
- 7.35 to 7.45 (correct)
- 7.0 to 7.8
Which condition is indicated by a blood pH lower than 7.35?
Which condition is indicated by a blood pH lower than 7.35?
- Alkalosis
- Neutralization
- Buffering
- Acidosis (correct)
What does a neutral solution have on the pH scale?
What does a neutral solution have on the pH scale?
- pH of 5
- pH of 8
- pH of 7 (correct)
- pH of 6
What happens if the blood pH exceeds 7.6?
What happens if the blood pH exceeds 7.6?
How does an increase in hydrogen ions affect pH?
How does an increase in hydrogen ions affect pH?
What distinguishes volatile acids from nonvolatile acids in the body?
What distinguishes volatile acids from nonvolatile acids in the body?
Which of the following is an example of a nonvolatile acid?
Which of the following is an example of a nonvolatile acid?
How are nonvolatile acids primarily eliminated from the body?
How are nonvolatile acids primarily eliminated from the body?
What is the main reason the lungs do not eliminate nonvolatile acids?
What is the main reason the lungs do not eliminate nonvolatile acids?
What characteristic do most acids and bases in the body share?
What characteristic do most acids and bases in the body share?
What is the primary function of buffers in the body?
What is the primary function of buffers in the body?
Which of the following describes the major buffer system in the body?
Which of the following describes the major buffer system in the body?
What is the normal bicarbonate level in the body?
What is the normal bicarbonate level in the body?
What happens to the pH of the body when the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio deviates from 20:1?
What happens to the pH of the body when the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio deviates from 20:1?
Which body process is responsible for excreting carbonic acid?
Which body process is responsible for excreting carbonic acid?
What is the primary role of the respiratory center in the brain?
What is the primary role of the respiratory center in the brain?
What occurs when the respiratory center detects excessive hydrogen ions?
What occurs when the respiratory center detects excessive hydrogen ions?
How does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect the body's compensatory ability?
How does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect the body's compensatory ability?
What happens to respiration when low levels of hydrogen ions are detected?
What happens to respiration when low levels of hydrogen ions are detected?
What is the time frame for compensation to occur in response to increased hydrogen ion concentration?
What is the time frame for compensation to occur in response to increased hydrogen ion concentration?
Which factor do the kidneys regulate to compensate for acid-base disturbances?
Which factor do the kidneys regulate to compensate for acid-base disturbances?
What is the primary outcome when the kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions?
What is the primary outcome when the kidneys excrete more hydrogen ions?
How does aging affect the kidneys' ability to compensate for acid-base imbalances?
How does aging affect the kidneys' ability to compensate for acid-base imbalances?
In cases of high pH, what adjustment do the kidneys make?
In cases of high pH, what adjustment do the kidneys make?
What dual role do the kidneys and lungs play in maintaining acid-base balance?
What dual role do the kidneys and lungs play in maintaining acid-base balance?
What pH level indicates metabolic acidosis?
What pH level indicates metabolic acidosis?
Which condition is characterized by a bicarbonate concentration greater than 26 mEq/L?
Which condition is characterized by a bicarbonate concentration greater than 26 mEq/L?
What can lead to an acid-base imbalance due to inadequate compensation?
What can lead to an acid-base imbalance due to inadequate compensation?
Which of the following best describes metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following best describes metabolic acidosis?
What is the primary acid-base imbalance observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the primary acid-base imbalance observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is one potential cause of metabolic acidosis related to uncontrolled diabetes?
What is one potential cause of metabolic acidosis related to uncontrolled diabetes?
Which condition contributes to metabolic acidosis due to dietary restrictions?
Which condition contributes to metabolic acidosis due to dietary restrictions?
What role do the kidneys play in metabolic acidosis when chronic renal failure occurs?
What role do the kidneys play in metabolic acidosis when chronic renal failure occurs?
Which of the following best describes a consequence of an increase in hydrogen ions in the context of metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following best describes a consequence of an increase in hydrogen ions in the context of metabolic acidosis?
What is a common by-product produced during lipid metabolism in the development of metabolic acidosis?
What is a common by-product produced during lipid metabolism in the development of metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following can lead to systemic lactic acidosis?
Which of the following can lead to systemic lactic acidosis?
How does excessive exercise contribute to metabolic acidosis?
How does excessive exercise contribute to metabolic acidosis?
What is a consequence of salicylate toxicity in relation to metabolic acidosis?
What is a consequence of salicylate toxicity in relation to metabolic acidosis?
Which drug class is associated with lactic acidosis due to mitochondrial damage?
Which drug class is associated with lactic acidosis due to mitochondrial damage?
What effect does spironolactone have that can lead to metabolic acidosis?
What effect does spironolactone have that can lead to metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following conditions can lead to decreased bicarbonate levels in the body?
Which of the following conditions can lead to decreased bicarbonate levels in the body?
What is a potential consequence of excessive use of laxatives in relation to bicarbonate levels?
What is a potential consequence of excessive use of laxatives in relation to bicarbonate levels?
Which category of drugs can contribute to the loss of bicarbonate from the kidneys?
Which category of drugs can contribute to the loss of bicarbonate from the kidneys?
What is a possible effect of chemotherapy drugs on bicarbonate levels?
What is a possible effect of chemotherapy drugs on bicarbonate levels?
What metabolic condition can result from the excessive loss of bicarbonate?
What metabolic condition can result from the excessive loss of bicarbonate?
What is a direct effect of bile acid sequestrant drugs on chloride ion levels?
What is a direct effect of bile acid sequestrant drugs on chloride ion levels?
How does excessive administration of sodium chloride intravenous fluids affect chloride levels?
How does excessive administration of sodium chloride intravenous fluids affect chloride levels?
What is one of the outcomes of increased chloride ions in the blood?
What is one of the outcomes of increased chloride ions in the blood?
What mechanism leads to metabolic acidosis following the use of bile acid sequestrant drugs?
What mechanism leads to metabolic acidosis following the use of bile acid sequestrant drugs?
Which scenario is most likely to cause an increase in metabolic acidosis due to chloride ions?
Which scenario is most likely to cause an increase in metabolic acidosis due to chloride ions?
What causes metabolic alkalosis in patients who vomit excessively?
What causes metabolic alkalosis in patients who vomit excessively?
Which medication is commonly associated with the development of metabolic alkalosis due to chloride loss?
Which medication is commonly associated with the development of metabolic alkalosis due to chloride loss?
How does excessive use of sodium bicarbonate affect the body's acid-base balance?
How does excessive use of sodium bicarbonate affect the body's acid-base balance?
Which of these can lead to metabolic alkalosis by reducing chloride ions?
Which of these can lead to metabolic alkalosis by reducing chloride ions?
Which scenario is NOT a typical cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Which scenario is NOT a typical cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What is a primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
What is a primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following conditions is NOT a cause of respiratory acidosis?
How does airway blockage contribute to respiratory acidosis?
How does airway blockage contribute to respiratory acidosis?
Which lung disease is associated with respiratory acidosis?
Which lung disease is associated with respiratory acidosis?
What physiological change occurs due to respiratory acidosis?
What physiological change occurs due to respiratory acidosis?
What primarily causes respiratory alkalosis in the body?
What primarily causes respiratory alkalosis in the body?
Which of the following conditions can lead to hyperventilation?
Which of the following conditions can lead to hyperventilation?
Which hormonal change is likely to contribute to respiratory alkalosis?
Which hormonal change is likely to contribute to respiratory alkalosis?
How does salicylate overdose affect respiration?
How does salicylate overdose affect respiration?
Which physiological response is NOT associated with respiratory alkalosis?
Which physiological response is NOT associated with respiratory alkalosis?
Which condition is most likely to result in increased acid production leading to metabolic acidosis?
Which condition is most likely to result in increased acid production leading to metabolic acidosis?
What is a potential consequence of excessive use of laxative drugs?
What is a potential consequence of excessive use of laxative drugs?
What can result from excessive chloride intake via intravenous solutions?
What can result from excessive chloride intake via intravenous solutions?
Which of the following conditions is associated with decreased acid excretion leading to metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following conditions is associated with decreased acid excretion leading to metabolic acidosis?
Which condition could lead to bicarbonate loss, potentially causing metabolic acidosis?
Which condition could lead to bicarbonate loss, potentially causing metabolic acidosis?
What condition is characterized by increased bicarbonate levels in the blood?
What condition is characterized by increased bicarbonate levels in the blood?
What is a common cause of acid loss leading to metabolic alkalosis?
What is a common cause of acid loss leading to metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following best describes a potential consequence of hypokalemia in the context of metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following best describes a potential consequence of hypokalemia in the context of metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive intake of which substance can directly contribute to metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive intake of which substance can directly contribute to metabolic alkalosis?
What might excessive bicarbonate administration lead to?
What might excessive bicarbonate administration lead to?
Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with acute respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with acute respiratory acidosis?
What is a potential cause of chronic respiratory acidosis?
What is a potential cause of chronic respiratory acidosis?
Which of these scenarios would NOT be classified as a cause of acute respiratory acidosis?
Which of these scenarios would NOT be classified as a cause of acute respiratory acidosis?
Which respiratory condition is most often linked to chronic respiratory acidosis?
Which respiratory condition is most often linked to chronic respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following can lead to acute respiratory acidosis due to respiratory failure?
Which of the following can lead to acute respiratory acidosis due to respiratory failure?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with respiratory alkalosis?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with respiratory alkalosis?
What is a common cause of hyperventilation that can lead to respiratory alkalosis?
What is a common cause of hyperventilation that can lead to respiratory alkalosis?
Which scenario can potentially trigger respiratory alkalosis?
Which scenario can potentially trigger respiratory alkalosis?
Early salicylate intoxication may result in respiratory alkalosis due to which mechanism?
Early salicylate intoxication may result in respiratory alkalosis due to which mechanism?
Which statement about mechanical ventilation and respiratory alkalosis is true?
Which statement about mechanical ventilation and respiratory alkalosis is true?
What is the primary compensation mechanism of the lungs in response to metabolic acidosis?
What is the primary compensation mechanism of the lungs in response to metabolic acidosis?
Which of the following describes a method by which the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following describes a method by which the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
What change occurs in arterial blood gases during metabolic alkalosis?
What change occurs in arterial blood gases during metabolic alkalosis?
What compensatory action do the kidneys take in cases of respiratory alkalosis?
What compensatory action do the kidneys take in cases of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the expected change in the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio during metabolic acidosis?
What is the expected change in the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio during metabolic acidosis?
What changes do the lungs make to compensate for metabolic acidosis?
What changes do the lungs make to compensate for metabolic acidosis?
Which adaptation do the kidneys make in response to respiratory alkalosis?
Which adaptation do the kidneys make in response to respiratory alkalosis?
What is the effect on arterial blood gases during metabolic alkalosis?
What is the effect on arterial blood gases during metabolic alkalosis?
What compensatory mechanism is utilized by the kidneys during respiratory acidosis?
What compensatory mechanism is utilized by the kidneys during respiratory acidosis?
In the event of metabolic acidosis, which of the following occurs in arterial blood gas analysis?
In the event of metabolic acidosis, which of the following occurs in arterial blood gas analysis?
What occurs in respiratory acidosis concerning hydrogen ions and bicarbonate?
What occurs in respiratory acidosis concerning hydrogen ions and bicarbonate?
In the case of metabolic alkalosis, how does the respiratory system respond?
In the case of metabolic alkalosis, how does the respiratory system respond?
What is the classification of compensation when the pH partially returns to normal?
What is the classification of compensation when the pH partially returns to normal?
Which factor primarily influences acid-base imbalances in critically ill patients?
Which factor primarily influences acid-base imbalances in critically ill patients?
How does renal function adjust in metabolic acidosis if compensation is occurring?
How does renal function adjust in metabolic acidosis if compensation is occurring?
What is a potential consequence of respiratory acidosis in patients?
What is a potential consequence of respiratory acidosis in patients?
What should be monitored closely in patients experiencing changes in acid-base balance?
What should be monitored closely in patients experiencing changes in acid-base balance?
What is a potential risk associated with rapid administration of sodium bicarbonate?
What is a potential risk associated with rapid administration of sodium bicarbonate?
In metabolic acidosis, particularly in cases of DKA, what is an important treatment approach?
In metabolic acidosis, particularly in cases of DKA, what is an important treatment approach?
Which of the following strategies can help alleviate anxiety related breathing difficulties?
Which of the following strategies can help alleviate anxiety related breathing difficulties?
What effect does hypoventilation have on blood gas levels?
What effect does hypoventilation have on blood gas levels?
What is an important consideration when managing a patient with acute respiratory distress?
What is an important consideration when managing a patient with acute respiratory distress?
What can result from untreated tissue perfusion issues due to acid-base imbalance?
What can result from untreated tissue perfusion issues due to acid-base imbalance?
What chronic condition might lead to fluid imbalances and subsequent acid-base disturbances?
What chronic condition might lead to fluid imbalances and subsequent acid-base disturbances?
Which medication-related factor is most likely to influence sodium and potassium levels in the body?
Which medication-related factor is most likely to influence sodium and potassium levels in the body?
What main focus should nurses emphasize in patient education regarding chronic illness management?
What main focus should nurses emphasize in patient education regarding chronic illness management?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with fluid balance disturbances?
Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with fluid balance disturbances?
Which of the following can result from both overhydration and dehydration in relation to fluid balance?
Which of the following can result from both overhydration and dehydration in relation to fluid balance?
Which factor is NOT essential to assess when identifying patients at risk for acid–base disturbances?
Which factor is NOT essential to assess when identifying patients at risk for acid–base disturbances?
What might indicate an underlying respiratory or metabolic problem in a patient?
What might indicate an underlying respiratory or metabolic problem in a patient?
Which of the following is least likely to correlate with a patient's diagnosis regarding acid–base imbalances?
Which of the following is least likely to correlate with a patient's diagnosis regarding acid–base imbalances?
How should a nurse assess ventilatory abnormalities during a focused assessment?
How should a nurse assess ventilatory abnormalities during a focused assessment?
Which patient condition is most likely to lead to significant acid–base disturbances?
Which patient condition is most likely to lead to significant acid–base disturbances?
What is essential to determine the underlying cause of acid-base imbalance in a patient?
What is essential to determine the underlying cause of acid-base imbalance in a patient?
Which symptom may indicate a change in acid-base balance during a physical examination?
Which symptom may indicate a change in acid-base balance during a physical examination?
Why should fall precautions be implemented for patients with decreased level of consciousness (LOC)?
Why should fall precautions be implemented for patients with decreased level of consciousness (LOC)?
Which of the following vital signs is NOT specifically listed as a measure during the assessment of acid-base balance?
Which of the following vital signs is NOT specifically listed as a measure during the assessment of acid-base balance?
What role do complementary health approaches play in assessing acid-base balance?
What role do complementary health approaches play in assessing acid-base balance?
What is the primary reason arterial blood gases (ABGs) are preferred over venous or capillary blood for assessing acid-base balance?
What is the primary reason arterial blood gases (ABGs) are preferred over venous or capillary blood for assessing acid-base balance?
In what scenario would venous blood gases be ordered instead of arterial blood gases?
In what scenario would venous blood gases be ordered instead of arterial blood gases?
What specific test must be performed before drawing arterial blood gases to ensure safety?
What specific test must be performed before drawing arterial blood gases to ensure safety?
What important information about lung function can arterial blood provide?
What important information about lung function can arterial blood provide?
What type of blood sample serves as an indicator of chronic serum retention, particularly when lung disease is chronic?
What type of blood sample serves as an indicator of chronic serum retention, particularly when lung disease is chronic?
What is the primary reason for applying pressure at the puncture site after drawing ABGs?
What is the primary reason for applying pressure at the puncture site after drawing ABGs?
Which guideline is suggested for routine surveillance of patients instead of using ABGs?
Which guideline is suggested for routine surveillance of patients instead of using ABGs?
Who is authorized to draw blood gases according to the guidelines?
Who is authorized to draw blood gases according to the guidelines?
What is the first step in analyzing ABG results systematically?
What is the first step in analyzing ABG results systematically?
What is one consequence of overusing ABGs in clinical practice?
What is one consequence of overusing ABGs in clinical practice?
What does pulse oximetry primarily measure in the body?
What does pulse oximetry primarily measure in the body?
Which condition is NOT likely to cause false readings in pulse oximetry?
Which condition is NOT likely to cause false readings in pulse oximetry?
Why is it especially important to obtain accurate readings from pulse oximetry in clinical settings today?
Why is it especially important to obtain accurate readings from pulse oximetry in clinical settings today?
What should a clinician do if pulse oximetry readings appear inaccurate?
What should a clinician do if pulse oximetry readings appear inaccurate?
Which of the following best describes the key limitation of pulse oximetry?
Which of the following best describes the key limitation of pulse oximetry?
What is the primary function of pulse oximetry?
What is the primary function of pulse oximetry?
In which situation is pulse oximetry particularly indicated?
In which situation is pulse oximetry particularly indicated?
Which factor could lead to a false reading in a pulse oximetry test?
Which factor could lead to a false reading in a pulse oximetry test?
What should a clinician do if they suspect inaccurate pulse oximetry readings?
What should a clinician do if they suspect inaccurate pulse oximetry readings?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas (ABG) results?
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas (ABG) results?
What condition is indicated by a partial pressure of carbon dioxide greater than 45 mmHg?
What condition is indicated by a partial pressure of carbon dioxide greater than 45 mmHg?
What is the normal range for the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood?
What is the normal range for the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood?
Which measure indicates the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Which measure indicates the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What does a decreased level of oxygen saturation below 95% indicate?
What does a decreased level of oxygen saturation below 95% indicate?
What is the main use of measuring oxygen saturation in patients?
What is the main use of measuring oxygen saturation in patients?
What is the role of bicarbonate in blood pH regulation?
What is the role of bicarbonate in blood pH regulation?
Which range is considered a normal anion gap?
Which range is considered a normal anion gap?
What does a base excess (BE) value indicate in arterial blood?
What does a base excess (BE) value indicate in arterial blood?
How is the anion gap calculated?
How is the anion gap calculated?
What indicates metabolic alkalosis in terms of bicarbonate levels?
What indicates metabolic alkalosis in terms of bicarbonate levels?
What is an independent intervention that a nurse should perform for acid-base management?
What is an independent intervention that a nurse should perform for acid-base management?
Which vital assessment should be included when evaluating a patient's condition related to acid-base imbalances?
Which vital assessment should be included when evaluating a patient's condition related to acid-base imbalances?
Which of the following factors should the nurse consider when taking a patient's health history for acid-base assessment?
Which of the following factors should the nurse consider when taking a patient's health history for acid-base assessment?
What type of information may need to be gathered from family or friends during the nurse's assessment in cases of severe distress?
What type of information may need to be gathered from family or friends during the nurse's assessment in cases of severe distress?
What is one key reason for monitoring the oxygen saturation of a patient with suspected acid-base imbalances?
What is one key reason for monitoring the oxygen saturation of a patient with suspected acid-base imbalances?
What is the primary method for administering insulin during collaborative management?
What is the primary method for administering insulin during collaborative management?
Why is potassium monitoring crucial during treatment?
Why is potassium monitoring crucial during treatment?
What are common over-the-counter antacid drugs used to correct hyperacidity?
What are common over-the-counter antacid drugs used to correct hyperacidity?
What serious condition can result from severe untreated metabolic acidosis?
What serious condition can result from severe untreated metabolic acidosis?
How do antacid drugs primarily function in treating hyperacidity?
How do antacid drugs primarily function in treating hyperacidity?
Which class of medication inhibits gastric acid production and can be used to treat hyperacidity?
Which class of medication inhibits gastric acid production and can be used to treat hyperacidity?
What is the benefit of bicarbonate as a treatment for hyperacidity?
What is the benefit of bicarbonate as a treatment for hyperacidity?
What can excessive amounts of gastric acid lead to if not properly managed?
What can excessive amounts of gastric acid lead to if not properly managed?
What is the primary method used to manage insulin levels in a patient undergoing collaborative management?
What is the primary method used to manage insulin levels in a patient undergoing collaborative management?
Which electrolyte requires careful monitoring when correcting hyperkalemia in a patient?
Which electrolyte requires careful monitoring when correcting hyperkalemia in a patient?
What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors in managing gastric acid imbalance?
What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors in managing gastric acid imbalance?
In cases of systemic acid-base imbalance, what type of treatment is required?
In cases of systemic acid-base imbalance, what type of treatment is required?
What serious condition can occur if severe metabolic acidosis remains untreated?
What serious condition can occur if severe metabolic acidosis remains untreated?
What is the function of antacid drugs in relation to gastric acid?
What is the function of antacid drugs in relation to gastric acid?
What is a notable risk associated with the correction of hyperkalemia?
What is a notable risk associated with the correction of hyperkalemia?
Which of the following is a common side effect or condition linked to hyperacidity in the stomach?
Which of the following is a common side effect or condition linked to hyperacidity in the stomach?
Under what condition is intubation generally indicated for a patient experiencing respiratory distress?
Under what condition is intubation generally indicated for a patient experiencing respiratory distress?
What is a potential complication when correcting chronic hypercapnia too quickly?
What is a potential complication when correcting chronic hypercapnia too quickly?
Which condition can be treated with BiPAP therapy without the need for immediate intubation?
Which condition can be treated with BiPAP therapy without the need for immediate intubation?
Why is it important to monitor patients receiving BiPAP therapy?
Why is it important to monitor patients receiving BiPAP therapy?
What treatment is indicated for patients with hypoxemia to improve outcomes?
What treatment is indicated for patients with hypoxemia to improve outcomes?
Flashcards
Acidic Solution pH
Acidic Solution pH
A solution with a pH lower than 7.
Alkaline/Basic Solution pH
Alkaline/Basic Solution pH
A solution with a pH higher than 7.
Blood pH
Blood pH
7.4 (normal range 7.35 to 7.45).
Acidosis
Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Alkalosis
Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Volatile Acid
Volatile Acid
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nonvolatile Acid
Nonvolatile Acid
Signup and view all the flashcards
How are Volatile Acids Excreted?
How are Volatile Acids Excreted?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How are Nonvolatile Acids Excreted?
How are Nonvolatile Acids Excreted?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Weak Acids and Bases
Weak Acids and Bases
Signup and view all the flashcards
Buffer System Role
Buffer System Role
Signup and view all the flashcards
Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer
Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer
Signup and view all the flashcards
What happens to Carbonic Acid?
What happens to Carbonic Acid?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Normal Bicarbonate Level
Normal Bicarbonate Level
Signup and view all the flashcards
pH Balance and the 20:1 Ratio
pH Balance and the 20:1 Ratio
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Center's Role
Respiratory Center's Role
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperventilation: Why?
Hyperventilation: Why?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hypoventilation: Why?
Hypoventilation: Why?
Signup and view all the flashcards
COPD and Compensation
COPD and Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fast vs. Slow Compensation
Fast vs. Slow Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Kidney Compensation
Kidney Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acid-Base Disturbances
Acid-Base Disturbances
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do kidneys compensate for acidosis?
How do kidneys compensate for acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis?
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Kidney Compensation in Elderly
Kidney Compensation in Elderly
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is an acid-base imbalance?
What is an acid-base imbalance?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the two main types of acid-base imbalances?
What are the two main types of acid-base imbalances?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are metabolic acid-base imbalances?
What are metabolic acid-base imbalances?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are respiratory acid-base imbalances?
What are respiratory acid-base imbalances?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How are metabolic acidosis and alkalosis defined?
How are metabolic acidosis and alkalosis defined?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Increased Hydrogen Ions
Causes of Increased Hydrogen Ions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Starvation and Acidosis
Starvation and Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Role of Kidneys in Acidosis
Role of Kidneys in Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lactic Acidosis
Lactic Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Salicylate Toxicity
Salicylate Toxicity
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antidiabetic Drugs and Acidosis
Antidiabetic Drugs and Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
What causes metabolic acidosis due to bicarbonate loss?
What causes metabolic acidosis due to bicarbonate loss?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do kidney problems cause metabolic acidosis?
How do kidney problems cause metabolic acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bicarbonate Loss from Kidney Drugs
Bicarbonate Loss from Kidney Drugs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Acidosis and Bicarbonate
Metabolic Acidosis and Bicarbonate
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do drugs contribute to metabolic acidosis?
How do drugs contribute to metabolic acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chloride Ions & Acidosis
Chloride Ions & Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bile Acid Sequestrants and Chloride
Bile Acid Sequestrants and Chloride
Signup and view all the flashcards
Intravenous Fluids and Chloride
Intravenous Fluids and Chloride
Signup and view all the flashcards
What causes metabolic acidosis?
What causes metabolic acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Acidosis: Causes
Metabolic Acidosis: Causes
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Excessive Vomiting & Metabolic Alkalosis
Excessive Vomiting & Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Loop Diuretics & Metabolic Alkalosis
Loop Diuretics & Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sodium Bicarbonate & Metabolic Alkalosis
Sodium Bicarbonate & Metabolic Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Narcotics and Respiratory Acidosis
Narcotics and Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lung Diseases and Respiratory Acidosis
Lung Diseases and Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Airway Blockage and Respiratory Acidosis
Airway Blockage and Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperventilation Causes
Hyperventilation Causes
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does hyperventilation cause alkalosis?
How does hyperventilation cause alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms
Respiratory Alkalosis Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis Treatment
Respiratory Alkalosis Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperventilation & Respiratory Alkalosis
Hyperventilation & Respiratory Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is metabolic alkalosis?
What is metabolic alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis?
What are some causes of metabolic alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does excessive vomiting lead to metabolic alkalosis?
How does excessive vomiting lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do loop diuretics cause metabolic alkalosis?
How do loop diuretics cause metabolic alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why does excessive use of sodium bicarbonate lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Why does excessive use of sodium bicarbonate lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acute Respiratory Acidosis
Acute Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chronic Respiratory Acidosis
Chronic Respiratory Acidosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis Treatment
Respiratory Acidosis Treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anxiety-Induced Hyperventilation
Anxiety-Induced Hyperventilation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Early Salicylate Intoxication
Early Salicylate Intoxication
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hyperventilation with Mechanical Ventilator
Hyperventilation with Mechanical Ventilator
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fever & Respiratory Alkalosis
Fever & Respiratory Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is compensation in acid-base balance?
What is compensation in acid-base balance?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis?
How do lungs compensate for metabolic acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
How do kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
How do kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
How do lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis Compensation
Respiratory Acidosis Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Acidosis Compensation
Metabolic Acidosis Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Metabolic Alkalosis Compensation
Metabolic Alkalosis Compensation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fully Compensated
Fully Compensated
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acid-Base Imbalance
Acid-Base Imbalance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Compensation (Acid-Base)
Compensation (Acid-Base)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fluid Imbalance & Acid-Base
Fluid Imbalance & Acid-Base
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chronic Conditions & Acid-Base
Chronic Conditions & Acid-Base
Signup and view all the flashcards
Electrolyte Imbalances
Electrolyte Imbalances
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nursing Focus on Acid-Base
Nursing Focus on Acid-Base
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acid-Base Imbalance and Medications
Acid-Base Imbalance and Medications
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the key factors to consider when assessing acid-base imbalances?
What are the key factors to consider when assessing acid-base imbalances?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the significance of decreased LOC in a patient?
What is the significance of decreased LOC in a patient?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why is it important to correlate findings with the patient's diagnosis?
Why is it important to correlate findings with the patient's diagnosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of vital sign assessment in acid-base imbalance?
What is the role of vital sign assessment in acid-base imbalance?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do fluid balance and kidney function relate to acid-base imbalance?
How do fluid balance and kidney function relate to acid-base imbalance?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Assessing for Acid-Base Imbalances
Assessing for Acid-Base Imbalances
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why Arterial Blood Gases?
Why Arterial Blood Gases?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Modified Allen Test
Modified Allen Test
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chronic Lung Disease and ABGs
Chronic Lung Disease and ABGs
Signup and view all the flashcards
When are Venous Blood Gases Used?
When are Venous Blood Gases Used?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What do ABGs tell us?
What do ABGs tell us?
Signup and view all the flashcards
ABG Overuse
ABG Overuse
Signup and view all the flashcards
ABG Analysis Approach
ABG Analysis Approach
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulse Oximetry for Surveillance
Pulse Oximetry for Surveillance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Post-ABG Pressure
Post-ABG Pressure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Who can draw ABGs?
Who can draw ABGs?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulse Oximetry
Pulse Oximetry
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulse Oximetry: False Readings
Pulse Oximetry: False Readings
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulse Oximetry: Importance of ABG
Pulse Oximetry: Importance of ABG
Signup and view all the flashcards
When is Pulse Oximetry Indicated?
When is Pulse Oximetry Indicated?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulse Oximetry: Limitations
Pulse Oximetry: Limitations
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pulse Oximetry Uses
Pulse Oximetry Uses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Importance of Correlation
Importance of Correlation
Signup and view all the flashcards
False Readings
False Readings
Signup and view all the flashcards
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2)
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PCO2)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Normal PCO2 Range
Normal PCO2 Range
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does a high PCO2 indicate?
What does a high PCO2 indicate?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What does a low PCO2 indicate?
What does a low PCO2 indicate?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2)
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate
Signup and view all the flashcards
Anion Gap
Anion Gap
Signup and view all the flashcards
Base Excess (BE)
Base Excess (BE)
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is metabolic acidosis?
What is metabolic acidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Acid-Base Imbalance Signs
Acid-Base Imbalance Signs
Signup and view all the flashcards
Factors Affecting Acid-Base
Factors Affecting Acid-Base
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why Assess Kidney Function?
Why Assess Kidney Function?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Connecting Findings with Diagnosis?
Connecting Findings with Diagnosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vital Signs Clues
Vital Signs Clues
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is respiratory alkalosis?
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the role of antacids?
What is the role of antacids?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How does the body maintain acid-base balance systemically?
How does the body maintain acid-base balance systemically?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How do lung diseases affect acid-base balance?
How do lung diseases affect acid-base balance?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Intubation Indication
Intubation Indication
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chronic Hypercapnia and Correction
Chronic Hypercapnia and Correction
Signup and view all the flashcards
Supplemental Oxygen for Hypoxemia
Supplemental Oxygen for Hypoxemia
Signup and view all the flashcards
BiPAP Therapy Criteria
BiPAP Therapy Criteria
Signup and view all the flashcards
BiPAP Therapy Complications
BiPAP Therapy Complications
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Acid-Base Balance
- Acid-base balance is crucial for homeostasis and cell function.
- Acidity or alkalinity of a solution depends on hydrogen ion concentration.
- High hydrogen ion concentration indicates acidity.
- Low hydrogen ion concentration indicates alkalinity (or basicity).
- pH measures hydrogen ion concentration.
- The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14.
- A pH of 7 is considered neutral.
- A pH less than 7 is considered acidic.
- A pH greater than 7 is considered alkaline or basic.
- Normal blood pH is 7.4 (range 7.35-7.45); blood is slightly alkaline.
- Normal pH signifies acid-base balance.
- Acidosis occurs when blood pH is below 7.35.
- Alkalosis occurs when blood pH is above 7.45.
- Body's ability to tolerate alterations in acid-base levels is limited.
- A pH below 7 or above 7.6, even briefly, can be fatal.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the essential concept of acid-base balance and its significance for homeostasis and cell function. Understand the pH scale, its implications for blood pH, and the conditions of acidosis and alkalosis. Test your knowledge on how these factors affect overall health.
