Acid-Base regulation L1-3

Why is maintaining acid base balance critical for cell function?

What statement accurately describes the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?

Which parameter can be measured using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?

What is a buffer?

Buffers are either a weak _____ with its conjugate _______, or a weak ______ with its conjugate _____

Bases are normally derived from _____

Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?

Which condition could cause metabolic acidosis in animals?

Most acids and bases present in the ECF behave as weak acids and weak bases. The most important ones are ____ & ___

Cells under ischemia show a more (acidic/basic) pH than cells under normal circumstances

What two conditions cause either a depression or elevation in pH?

What two terms define a disturbance caused by either the addition of an acid/base or removal of acid/base?

What three systems regulate H+ and HCO3 concentration, and pH in the body?

The bicarbonate system is a(n)

The bicarbonate system is considered an open buffer system

What are the three buffer systems in the body?

What compensatory mechanism is activated during metabolic acidosis?

Which system acts within seconds to regulate pH?

Which of the following organs plays a key role in excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate?

The bicarbonate buffer system works as an open buffer system because

What happens when the concentration of H+ increases in the bicarbonate buffer system?

Which buffer system is especially important in the renal tubule fluid?

Which protein in RBC serves as a key buffer for hydrogen ions?

What effect does hypoventilation have on pH?

Which of the following conditions is likely to cause respiratory acidosis?

What is the role of type A intercalated cells in the nephron during acidosis ?

How does the kidney compensate during alkalosis?

Which of the following is characteristic of respiratory alkalosis?

Which mechanism contributes to renal regulation of pH?

Which of the following would cause an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Which term describes a disturbance characterized by an accumulation of acid or loss of base from the extracellular fluid?

Which buffer system is most effective in the ECF?

During respiratory acidosis, what compensatory response occurs in the kidneys ?

Which acid is considered a volatile acid in the body?

Which acid-base disorder is associated with prolonged vomiting?

In a patient with metabolic alkalosis, what compensatory mechanism is likely to occur?

What happens to potassium levels during acidosis?

Which parameter is necessary to evaluate an acid base disturbance?

Which disorder is characterized by a decreased pH and increased PCO2?

Which condition can result in hyperkalemia?

Which of the following systems can eliminate non-volatile acids from the body?

What is the role of the Na+/H+ exchanger during acid base regulation in the kidney?

What effect does increased PCO2 have on blood pH?