Acid-Base regulation L1-3

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Why is maintaining acid base balance critical for cell function?

It regulates potassium levels in cells

It maintains protein structure and enzyme function (correct)

It inhibits metabolic waste excretion

It promotes oxygen delivery to cells

What statement accurately describes the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?

A higher H+ concentration corresponds to a higher pH

A lower H+ concentration corresponds to a lower pH

pH is the negative logarithm of H+ concentration (correct)

pH and H+ concentration are not related

Which parameter can be measured using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation?

Potassium levels in blood

Blood oxygen saturation

Blood pH (correct)

Blood glucose concentration

What is a buffer?

They are a shield or protective mechanism that stops the pH from rising or falling too quickly. Signup and view all the answers

Buffers are either a weak _ with its conjugate _, or a weak with its conjugate _

Buffers are either a weak acid with its conjugate base or a weak base with its conjugate acid Signup and view all the answers

Bases are normally derived from _____

Bases are normally derived from nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a strong acid?

Hydrochloric acid Signup and view all the answers

Which condition could cause metabolic acidosis in animals?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

Most acids and bases present in the ECF behave as weak acids and weak bases. The most important ones are __ & _

Most acids and bases present in the ECF behave as weak acids and weak bases. The most important ones are carbonic acid and bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

Cells under ischemia show a more (acidic/basic) pH than cells under normal circumstances

Cells under ischemia show a more acidic pH than cells under normal circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What two conditions cause either a depression or elevation in pH?

Acidemia or Alkalemia Signup and view all the answers

What two terms define a disturbance caused by either the addition of an acid/base or removal of acid/base?

Acidosis and alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What three systems regulate H+ and HCO3 concentration, and pH in the body?

The buffer systems, lungs and kidneys Signup and view all the answers

The bicarbonate system is a(n)

Extracellular buffer system Signup and view all the answers

The bicarbonate system is considered an open buffer system

True Signup and view all the answers

What are the three buffer systems in the body?

Bicarbonate, phosphate and protein Signup and view all the answers

What compensatory mechanism is activated during metabolic acidosis?

Hyperventilation to decrease PCO2 Signup and view all the answers

Which system acts within seconds to regulate pH?

Buffer systems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs plays a key role in excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

The bicarbonate buffer system works as an open buffer system because

CO2 can be excreted through the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the concentration of H+ increases in the bicarbonate buffer system?

H+ binds to HCO3- to form H2CO3 Signup and view all the answers

Which buffer system is especially important in the renal tubule fluid?

Phosphate buffer system Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in RBC serves as a key buffer for hydrogen ions?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What effect does hypoventilation have on pH?

Decrease pH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is likely to cause respiratory acidosis?

Alveolar hypoventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of type A intercalated cells in the nephron during acidosis ?

Secrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate Signup and view all the answers

How does the kidney compensate during alkalosis?

Secrete bicarbonate and reabsorb hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

Acid-Base regulation L1-3

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Questions and Answers

Why is maintaining acid base balance critical for cell function?

What statement accurately describes the relationship between hydrogen ion concentration and pH?