Achieving Knowledge: Perspectives

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Questions and Answers

According to Vygotsky, what is the primary tool that mediates higher mental functions in the social construction of knowledge?

  • Individual reflection
  • Language (correct)
  • Direct sensory experience
  • Social interaction

How does Kant differentiate the sources of knowledge?

  • Through innate ideas versus empirical observation
  • Through understanding the world versus interpreting the world
  • Through sensory experience versus rational thought
  • Through the ability to receive representations and the ability to know an object through these representations (correct)

According to Plato, what characteristics must knowledge possess?

  • Must be certero e infalible and focused on a fixed, permanent, and immutable reality. (correct)
  • Must be subjective and relative to individual perception.
  • Must be based on sensory experience.
  • Must be tentative and adaptable to change.

If, according to Plato, true knowledge concerns what is 'real', how did he characterize the nature of this reality?

<p>As the ideal, opposing the physical world. (B)</p>
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Considering Vygotsky's theory, which educational approach would be MOST effective in fostering knowledge construction?

<p>Collaborative projects emphasizing discussion and language use. (D)</p>
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If a student struggles to connect abstract concepts in physics to real-world observations, which of Kant's two faculties of knowledge is MOST likely underdeveloped?

<p>Their ability to know an object through received representations. (B)</p>
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How might Plato critique modern scientific knowledge, which is often revised and updated based on new evidence?

<p>He would criticize its lack of certainty and permanence. (B)</p>
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Which scenario aligns with Vygotsky's concept of the 'zone of proximal development' in knowledge acquisition?

<p>A student learning to code with guidance from a more experienced mentor. (D)</p>
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In the context of Kant's philosophy, how does 'thinking' relate to the 'object'?

<p>Thinking allows us to conceive and know objects through representations received. (B)</p>
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Which of the following learning activities would Plato likely consider LEAST valuable for attaining true knowledge?

<p>Observing and experimenting with the physical world. (B)</p>
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Flashcards

Vygotsky on Knowledge

According to Vygotsky, knowledge construction is not an individual process but a social one, mediated by society and heavily influenced by language.

Kant's Sources of Knowledge

Kant distinguishes two sources of knowledge: the faculty of receiving representations and the faculty of knowing an object through those representations.

Plato's View of Knowledge

Plato believed that true knowledge is certain and infallible, and its object is what is truly real, meaning it must be fixed, permanent, and unchangeable.

Study Notes

  • Question: How is knowledge achieved?

Vygotsky's Perspective

  • The construction of knowledge is not an individual process.
  • It is a fundamentally social process.
  • Higher-order mental functions result from socially mediated activity.
  • Language is the most influential psychological tool in this process.

Kant's Perspective

  • Kant identifies two sources of knowledge.
  • Faculty for receiving representations.
  • Faculty for understanding an object through received representation.
  • The first faculty allows an object to be presented, while the second allows for thinking about it.

Plato's Perspective

  • Plato's convictions were that achieving knowledge is possible
  • Knowledge must be certain, always true, and should use what is real
  • Anything real must be fixed, permanent, and immutable
  • Plato considered what is real as being ideal, contrasting with the tangible world

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