Acetylcysteine: Uses and Dosage

Study Notes

Acetylcysteine Trade Names

Commonly known as Mucomyst and Pravolex.

Classification

Functions as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose and acts as a mucolytic agent.

Therapeutic Actions

Serves as an antidote primarily for acetaminophen toxicity; the exact mechanism remains unspecified.
Believed to restore hepatic glutathione levels and deactivate harmful acetaminophen metabolites, thereby minimizing liver damage.

Indications

Utilized specifically for acetaminophen toxicity as an antidote.

Dosage Information

For acetaminophen toxicity:
- Initial dose: 150 mg/kg IV over 60 minutes (max 15 g).
- First maintenance dose: 50 mg/kg IV over 4 hours (max 5 g).
- Second maintenance dose: 100 mg/kg IV over 16 hours (max 10 g).

Administration Notes

Infusion rates should be adjusted based on acetaminophen blood levels to ensure effectiveness.

Contraindications

Not suitable for individuals with a known hypersensitivity to acetylcysteine.
Administering the initial loading dose slowly over 60 minutes may help reduce hypersensitivity reactions.

Precautions

Use with caution in elderly or weakened patients, particularly those with severe respiratory conditions.
Caution is advised for patients with asthma or a history of bronchospasm, as it may worsen respiratory symptoms.

Additional Information

Effective if administered within 8 hours of acetaminophen ingestion.
Requires refrigeration for storage.
Characterized by an unpleasant odor and will discolor after opening without losing effectiveness.
Oral dosages exist and can still be absorbed if activated charcoal is also given.

Description

This quiz covers the essential information about Acetylcysteine, including its trade names, therapeutic actions, dosage for acetaminophen toxicity, and contraindications. Test your understanding of this important antidote and mucolytic agent used in medical treatments.