Acetylcholine and Cholinergic System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of acetylcholine in the nervous system?

  • Short distance signaling
  • Neurotransmission regulation
  • Synaptic plasticity modulation
  • Long distance signaling (correct)

What type of receptors are nicotinic AChRs classified as?

  • G-protein coupled receptors
  • Tyrosine kinase receptors
  • Ligand-gated ion channels (correct)
  • Cytokine receptors

Which of the following brain regions is NOT a major cholinergic nucleus?

  • Cerebellum (correct)
  • Thalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Caudate nucleus

What is the role of vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT) in ACh synthesis?

<p>Taking up ACh into vesicles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of nicotinic AChRs on CNS neurons?

<p>Fast depolarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system?

<p>Breaking down ACh (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with the cholinergic system?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing ACh from acetyl-CoA and choline?

<p>Choline acetyltransferase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of partial agonists like varenicline in nicotine dependency?

<p>Prevents withdrawal symptoms without providing euphoric effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil on ACh levels?

<p>Prolongs duration of ACh in synaptic cleft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscarinic drugs is used for motion sickness?

<p>Hyocine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease?

<p>mAChRs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CNS disease is associated with mAChRs?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the S247F mutation in alpha 4 subunit of nAChRs in ADNFLE?

<p>Increased desensitization of the channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic target for drug dependency?

<p>nAChRs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor channelopathy is autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE)?

<p>nAChR channelopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the S247F mutation in alpha 4 subunit of nAChRs on calcium release?

<p>Decreases calcium release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of muscarinic AChRs on potassium channels during slow depolarization?

<p>They switch off potassium channels, mitigating depolarization. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcium-activated potassium channels in the context of slow hyperpolarization?

<p>To cause hyperpolarization by releasing potassium ions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical subunit composition of nicotinic ACh receptors in the CNS?

<p>2 alpha and 3 beta, or alpha only homopentamers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscarinic AChR subtypes is typically found postsynaptically and is Gq-coupled?

<p>M1, M3, and M5. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of nicotine on dopamine levels in the mesocorticolimbic pathways?

<p>It increases dopamine levels, leading to an increase in reward processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the novel analgesic that acts on nicotinic AChRs?

<p>Epibatidine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between smoking and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease?

<p>Smoking is associated with a decreased incidence of Alzheimer's disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between nicotinic and muscarinic AChRs?

<p>Nicotinic AChRs are ligand-gated channels, while muscarinic AChRs are GPCRs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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