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Questions and Answers
What is the primary mediator of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
What is the primary mediator of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
- Aldosterone
- Angiotensin II (correct)
- Renin
- Bradykinin
How do ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure?
How do ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure?
- By decreasing aldosterone levels and increasing NO production
- By increasing angiotensin II levels and decreasing bradykinin levels
- By increasing aldosterone levels and decreasing NO production
- By decreasing angiotensin II levels and increasing bradykinin levels (correct)
What effect do ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin levels?
What effect do ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin levels?
- Convert bradykinin to angiotensin II
- No effect on bradykinin levels
- Decrease levels of bradykinin and other kinins
- Increase levels of bradykinin and other kinins (correct)
Where do the renal vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II occur primarily?
Where do the renal vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II occur primarily?
Which ACE inhibitor is excreted by both renal and hepatic pathways?
Which ACE inhibitor is excreted by both renal and hepatic pathways?
Which ACE inhibitor is administered in active form and excreted unchanged by the kidneys?
Which ACE inhibitor is administered in active form and excreted unchanged by the kidneys?
Which ACE inhibitor exhibits the pattern of an ester prodrug converted in the plasma to an active metabolite?
Which ACE inhibitor exhibits the pattern of an ester prodrug converted in the plasma to an active metabolite?
Which adverse effect of ACE inhibitors can potentially cause airway obstruction?
Which adverse effect of ACE inhibitors can potentially cause airway obstruction?
In which patients are adverse effects such as first-dose hypotension and acute renal failure more common?
In which patients are adverse effects such as first-dose hypotension and acute renal failure more common?
What is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy?
What is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy?
Which condition is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy due to its dependence on increased angiotensin II activity?
Which condition is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy due to its dependence on increased angiotensin II activity?
What adverse effect can ACE inhibitors produce due to their reduction of aldosterone synthesis?
What adverse effect can ACE inhibitors produce due to their reduction of aldosterone synthesis?
What is the primary reason for discontinuation of the combined use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren?
What is the primary reason for discontinuation of the combined use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren?
What is the effect of long-term use of ACE inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy?
What is the effect of long-term use of ACE inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy?
What is the reason for the discontinuation of combined administration of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
What is the reason for the discontinuation of combined administration of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?
Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?
Flashcards
Primary mediator of RAAS
Primary mediator of RAAS
Angiotensin II is the primary mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).
How ACE inhibitors lower BP
How ACE inhibitors lower BP
ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure by reducing angiotensin II levels and increasing bradykinin levels.
ACE inhibitor effect on bradykinin
ACE inhibitor effect on bradykinin
ACE inhibitors increase the levels of bradykinin and other kinins.
Renal vasoconstriction site
Renal vasoconstriction site
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Fosinopril excretion path
Fosinopril excretion path
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Lisinopril excretion
Lisinopril excretion
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Enalapril's action
Enalapril's action
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ACE inhibitor airway risk
ACE inhibitor airway risk
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High risk patients (ACE inhibitor)
High risk patients (ACE inhibitor)
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Relative ACE inhibitor contraindication
Relative ACE inhibitor contraindication
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ACE inhibitor hyperkalemia reason
ACE inhibitor hyperkalemia reason
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ACE + Aliskiren discontinuation
ACE + Aliskiren discontinuation
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ACE inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy
ACE inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy
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ACE + ARB discontinuation reason
ACE + ARB discontinuation reason
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ACE inhibitors in pregnancy
ACE inhibitors in pregnancy
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Study Notes
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Angiotensin II is the primary mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
ACE Inhibitors
- ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone production.
- ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels, which can cause cough as a side effect.
Angiotensin II Effects
- The renal vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II occur primarily in the efferent arterioles.
Specific ACE Inhibitors
- Trandolapril is excreted by both renal and hepatic pathways.
- Enalaprilat is administered in active form and excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
- Enalapril is an ester prodrug converted in the plasma to an active metabolite, enalaprilat.
Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors
- ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema, which can lead to airway obstruction.
- First-dose hypotension and acute renal failure are more common in patients with:
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Heart failure
- Volume depletion
- A relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy is:
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
- ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia due to reduced aldosterone synthesis.
Contraindications and Interactions
- ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of fetal developmental abnormalities.
- Combined use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren is contraindicated due to the increased risk of hyperkalemia and kidney injury.
- Combined use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is contraindicated due to the increased risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and kidney injury.
- Long-term use of ACE inhibitors can slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) with this pharmacology quiz. Explore the mechanism of action and effects of ACE inhibitors on the renin-angiotensin system and their clinical applications.
