Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mediator of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
What is the primary mediator of the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
How do ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure?
How do ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure?
What effect do ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin levels?
What effect do ACE inhibitors have on bradykinin levels?
Where do the renal vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II occur primarily?
Where do the renal vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II occur primarily?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ACE inhibitor is excreted by both renal and hepatic pathways?
Which ACE inhibitor is excreted by both renal and hepatic pathways?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ACE inhibitor is administered in active form and excreted unchanged by the kidneys?
Which ACE inhibitor is administered in active form and excreted unchanged by the kidneys?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ACE inhibitor exhibits the pattern of an ester prodrug converted in the plasma to an active metabolite?
Which ACE inhibitor exhibits the pattern of an ester prodrug converted in the plasma to an active metabolite?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adverse effect of ACE inhibitors can potentially cause airway obstruction?
Which adverse effect of ACE inhibitors can potentially cause airway obstruction?
Signup and view all the answers
In which patients are adverse effects such as first-dose hypotension and acute renal failure more common?
In which patients are adverse effects such as first-dose hypotension and acute renal failure more common?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy?
What is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy due to its dependence on increased angiotensin II activity?
Which condition is a relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy due to its dependence on increased angiotensin II activity?
Signup and view all the answers
What adverse effect can ACE inhibitors produce due to their reduction of aldosterone synthesis?
What adverse effect can ACE inhibitors produce due to their reduction of aldosterone synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for discontinuation of the combined use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren?
What is the primary reason for discontinuation of the combined use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of long-term use of ACE inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy?
What is the effect of long-term use of ACE inhibitors on diabetic nephropathy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the reason for the discontinuation of combined administration of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
What is the reason for the discontinuation of combined administration of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?
Why are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
- Angiotensin II is the primary mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
ACE Inhibitors
- ACE inhibitors decrease blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing vasoconstriction and aldosterone production.
- ACE inhibitors increase bradykinin levels, which can cause cough as a side effect.
Angiotensin II Effects
- The renal vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II occur primarily in the efferent arterioles.
Specific ACE Inhibitors
- Trandolapril is excreted by both renal and hepatic pathways.
- Enalaprilat is administered in active form and excreted unchanged by the kidneys.
- Enalapril is an ester prodrug converted in the plasma to an active metabolite, enalaprilat.
Adverse Effects of ACE Inhibitors
- ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema, which can lead to airway obstruction.
- First-dose hypotension and acute renal failure are more common in patients with:
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
- Chronic kidney disease
- Heart failure
- Volume depletion
- A relative contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy is:
- Bilateral renal artery stenosis
- ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia due to reduced aldosterone synthesis.
Contraindications and Interactions
- ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of fetal developmental abnormalities.
- Combined use of ACE inhibitors and aliskiren is contraindicated due to the increased risk of hyperkalemia and kidney injury.
- Combined use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is contraindicated due to the increased risk of hyperkalemia, hypotension, and kidney injury.
- Long-term use of ACE inhibitors can slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) with this pharmacology quiz. Explore the mechanism of action and effects of ACE inhibitors on the renin-angiotensin system and their clinical applications.
