Accessory Structures of the Skin
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Accessory Structures of the Skin

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Questions and Answers

Which structure serves as the origin point for hair growth?

  • Hair papilla
  • Hair shaft
  • Hair matrix
  • Hair follicle (correct)

    • What is the primary composition of hair?

  • Epithelial tissue
  • Alive cells
  • Dead, keratinized cells (correct)
  • Collagen fibers

    • Which part of the hair contains mitotically active cells?

  • Hair matrix (correct)
  • Hair bulb
  • Cuticle
  • Cortex

    • What role does the hair papilla play in hair structure?

    <p>Provides oxygen and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the hair is responsible for giving it strength and flexibility?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where in the skin do hair follicles originate?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the hair is not always present in every hair strand?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sebaceous glands associated with hair follicles?

    <p>Provide lubrication to hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines hair texture?

    <p>The shape and structure of the cortex and medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of keratinocytes in hair growth?

    <p>They are responsible for hair shaft formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hair is considered to be completely dead?

    <p>The hair shaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance is the hair primarily composed of?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure aims to destroy the hair bulb to prevent hair growth?

    <p>Electrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the internal root sheath's function?

    <p>It surrounds the root of the growing hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the hair follicle is an extension of the epidermis?

    <p>External root sheath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT one of the functions of hair?

    <p>Moving fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hair in the nose and ears?

    <p>To trap and exclude dust particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of hair growth is characterized by rapid cell division at the root?

    <p>Anagen phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the contraction of the arrector pili muscle?

    <p>Nerve signals from the sympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of hair growth is the hair follicle at rest?

    <p>Telogen phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is it typical for a person to lose and replace hair daily?

    <p>50 hairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of hormonal changes on hair?

    <p>Potential for hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pigment primarily determines the color of hair?

    <p>Melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when the arrector pili muscle contracts?

    <p>Goosebumps on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes different hair colors in individuals?

    <p>Differences in the type of melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to melanin production as a person ages?

    <p>Melanin production decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nail body?

    <p>To protect the tips of fingers and toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the nail body form?

    <p>At the nail root on the epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gives the nail bed its pink appearance?

    <p>Richness in blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lunula?

    <p>The crescent-shaped region at the base of the nail matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nail overlies the sides of the nail body?

    <p>Lateral nail fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do sudoriferous glands produce when the body becomes warm?

    <p>Sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification do sweat glands fall under due to their mode of secretion?

    <p>Merocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sweat gland is primarily involved in thermoregulation?

    <p>Eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are eccrine sweat glands most abundant on the body?

    <p>Palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional compounds are found in apocrine sweat that contribute to scent?

    <p>Organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do aluminum-based compounds play in commercial antiperspirants?

    <p>They block sweat production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of sweat from apocrine sweat glands?

    <p>Nervous and hormonal control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does eccrine sweat differ in composition compared to apocrine sweat?

    <p>Eccrine sweat is hypotonic and mostly water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological function is primarily served by sweating?

    <p>Body temperature regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Accessory Structures of the Skin

    • Hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands are accessory structures of the skin.
    • These structures develop from the epidermis and extend into the dermis and hypodermis.

    Hair

    • Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis.
    • Mainly made of dead, keratinized cells.
    • Hair follicles are epidermal penetrations of the dermis where hair strands originate.
    • The hair shaft is the part of the hair above the skin surface.
    • The hair root is the part of the hair anchored in the follicle, below the skin surface.
    • The hair bulb is the end of the hair root in the dermis, containing the hair matrix.
    • The hair matrix is a layer of actively dividing basal cells.
    • The hair bulb surrounds the hair papilla, composed of connective tissue with blood capillaries and nerve endings.
    • The hair shaft is composed of three layers: medulla, cortex, and cuticle.
    • The medulla is the central core, surrounded by the cortex, a layer of compressed, keratinized cells.
    • The cuticle is the outermost layer of hard, keratinized cells.
    • Hair texture depends on the shape and structure of the cortex and medulla.
    • Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the hair bulb.
    • New cells push the hair shaft up through the follicle towards the surface.
    • Keratinization is completed as cells reach the skin surface.
    • Hair is completely dead and composed of keratin, lacking sensation.
    • Cutting or shaving hair only affects the shaft.
    • Hair growth occurs in three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen.
    • The anagen phase is the active growth phase, lasting from 2 to 7 years.
    • During the catagen phase, the hair follicle transitions to rest, lasting 2 to 3 weeks.
    • The telogen phase is a resting phase lasting 2 to 4 months, without new growth.
    • A new anagen phase follows the telogen phase, with new hair production pushing out the old.
    • Hair grows at a rate of 0.3 millimeters per day during the anagen phase.
    • Hair loss occurs when shedding exceeds replacement, due to hormonal changes, diet, aging, or hormone influence.

    Nails

    • The nail bed is a specialized structure of the epidermis at the tips of fingers and toes.
    • The nail body forms atop the nail bed, protecting the tips of fingers and toes.
    • The nail body is composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes.
    • The nail body forms at the nail root, containing the nail matrix, a proliferating cell layer.
    • The lateral nail fold overlaps the nail, anchoring the nail body.
    • The cuticle is the nail fold meeting the proximal end of the nail body.
    • The nail bed is highly vascular, making the nail appear pink, except for the lunula.
    • The lunula is a crescent-shaped region at the nail base, where a thick epithelial layer covers the nail matrix.
    • The hyponychium is the thickened layer of stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail.

    Sweat Glands

    • Sweat glands develop from epidermal projections into the dermis.
    • Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands, secreting through ducts without affecting the gland cells.
    • There are two types of sweat glands: eccrine and apocrine.
    • Eccrine sweat glands produce hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.
    • Eccrine glands are found on the skin surface, especially on palms, soles, and foreheads.
    • Eccrine sweat glands are coiled glands in the dermis, with ducts leading to pores on the skin surface.
    • Eccrine sweat is primarily water with salt, antibodies, metabolic waste, and dermcidin.
    • Eccrine glands play a crucial role in thermoregulation and homeostasis.
    • Apocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in hairy areas like armpits and genitalia.
    • Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine glands, lying deeper in the dermis or hypodermis.
    • Apocrine sweat includes organic compounds, making it thicker and prone to odor upon bacterial decomposition.
    • Apocrine sweat release is controlled by the nervous system and hormones, potentially playing a role in pheromones.
    • Antiperspirants use aluminum-based compounds to block sweat ducts and reduce sweat production.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the accessory structures of the skin, including hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Understand the anatomy and functions of hair, hair follicles, and the different layers of hair structure. Test your knowledge on how these components interact with the skin's layers.

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