11 Questions
What are the functions of saliva?
Saliva lubricates and protects oral tissues, aids in control of microbial flora in the oral cavity, and starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates by secreting α-amylase.
What are the three major salivary glands?
The three major salivary glands are the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland.
What is the ductal system of the salivary glands?
The ductal system of the salivary glands includes intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and interlobular ducts.
What are the three components of the portal triad?
portal venule (PV), hepatic arteriole (HA), and bile ductule (BD)
What are the three layers of the gallbladder wall?
mucosa, muscularis, serosa
What is the function of the gallbladder?
stores and concentrates bile
What is the composition of the lining of the gallbladder mucosa?
simple columnar cells with short microvilli
What are the functions of the pancreas?
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Its endocrine function involves the production of hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Its exocrine function involves the secretion of pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes for the digestion of proteins and fats, as well as bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid.
How is the parotid gland structured?
The parotid gland is enclosed by a fibrous capsule and is divided into lobes and lobules by septa. It consists of branched tubuloacinar glands composed of clusters of elongated, branched serous acini. Each acinus is formed by pyramidal serous cells surrounding a central lumen. The cells have round basal nuclei and granular cytoplasm that is basophilic at the base and more eosinophilic toward the apex.
What are the characteristics of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
The submandibular gland is egg-shaped and located in the floor of the oral cavity. Its watery secretion accounts for 60% of the saliva it produces. It consists of mostly serous acini but also contains mucous acini. The sublingual gland is the smallest and has minor salivary glands scattered in the lips, tongue, and cheeks. It produces mucin and has serousmucous acini mixed with mucous lighter straining towards the central lumen.
What are the functions of the liver?
The liver is the largest and heaviest internal organ in the body. It performs essential functions related to digestion, metabolism, detoxification, and storage. Some of its functions include the production of bile, which aids in the digestion of fats; the detoxification of harmful substances; the storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals; the synthesis of plasma proteins; and the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Study Notes
Saliva and Salivary Glands
- Saliva performs various functions, including lubrication, buffering, and digestion
- Three major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
- Ductal system of salivary glands: responsible for transporting saliva from glands to oral cavity
Liver and Gallbladder
- Portal triad components: hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct
- Gallbladder wall layers: mucosa, muscularis, and serosa
- Gallbladder function: stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
- Gallbladder lining (mucosa) composition: simple columnar epithelium with microvilli
Pancreas
- Pancreas functions: exocrine (produces digestive enzymes) and endocrine (produces hormones like insulin and glucagon)
Salivary Glands Structure and Characteristics
- Parotid gland structure: serous gland with a duct system that opens opposite the upper second molar
- Submandibular and sublingual glands: mixed glands with serous and mucous acini, and ducts that open in the oral cavity
Liver Functions
- Liver functions: detoxification, metabolism, storage, and production of proteins and nutrients
Test your knowledge on the accessory organs of the gastrointestinal tract with this quiz. Learn about the gross anatomy and histology of the salivary glands and pancreas.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
