Accessory Organs of the Gastrointestinal saq

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Questions and Answers

What are the functions of saliva?

Saliva lubricates and protects oral tissues, aids in control of microbial flora in the oral cavity, and starts the digestion of complex carbohydrates by secreting α-amylase.

What are the three major salivary glands?

The three major salivary glands are the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland.

What is the ductal system of the salivary glands?

The ductal system of the salivary glands includes intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and interlobular ducts.

What are the three components of the portal triad?

portal venule (PV), hepatic arteriole (HA), and bile ductule (BD) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of the gallbladder wall?

mucosa, muscularis, serosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder?

stores and concentrates bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the lining of the gallbladder mucosa?

simple columnar cells with short microvilli Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the pancreas?

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. Its endocrine function involves the production of hormones such as glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Its exocrine function involves the secretion of pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes for the digestion of proteins and fats, as well as bicarbonate ions to neutralize stomach acid. Signup and view all the answers

How is the parotid gland structured?

The parotid gland is enclosed by a fibrous capsule and is divided into lobes and lobules by septa. It consists of branched tubuloacinar glands composed of clusters of elongated, branched serous acini. Each acinus is formed by pyramidal serous cells surrounding a central lumen. The cells have round basal nuclei and granular cytoplasm that is basophilic at the base and more eosinophilic toward the apex. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?

The submandibular gland is egg-shaped and located in the floor of the oral cavity. Its watery secretion accounts for 60% of the saliva it produces. It consists of mostly serous acini but also contains mucous acini. The sublingual gland is the smallest and has minor salivary glands scattered in the lips, tongue, and cheeks. It produces mucin and has serousmucous acini mixed with mucous lighter straining towards the central lumen. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the liver?

The liver is the largest and heaviest internal organ in the body. It performs essential functions related to digestion, metabolism, detoxification, and storage. Some of its functions include the production of bile, which aids in the digestion of fats; the detoxification of harmful substances; the storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals; the synthesis of plasma proteins; and the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Saliva and Salivary Glands

Saliva performs various functions, including lubrication, buffering, and digestion
Three major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual
Ductal system of salivary glands: responsible for transporting saliva from glands to oral cavity

Liver and Gallbladder

Portal triad components: hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct
Gallbladder wall layers: mucosa, muscularis, and serosa
Gallbladder function: stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
Gallbladder lining (mucosa) composition: simple columnar epithelium with microvilli

Pancreas

Pancreas functions: exocrine (produces digestive enzymes) and endocrine (produces hormones like insulin and glucagon)

Salivary Glands Structure and Characteristics

Parotid gland structure: serous gland with a duct system that opens opposite the upper second molar
Submandibular and sublingual glands: mixed glands with serous and mucous acini, and ducts that open in the oral cavity

Liver Functions

Liver functions: detoxification, metabolism, storage, and production of proteins and nutrients

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Description

Test your knowledge on the accessory organs of the gastrointestinal tract with this quiz. Learn about the gross anatomy and histology of the salivary glands and pancreas.