Access of Ant Teeth Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does the pulp space reflect?

external form of the tooth

What factors affect canal morphology?

age, race, irritants (caries, abrasion/erosion, trauma), calcification (pulp stones, diffuse), resorption (internal/external)

What is internal resorption of a canal?

A defect of the internal aspect of the root following necrosis of odontoblasts due to chronic inflammation and bacterial invasion of the pulp tissue.

What is external resorption of a canal?

<p>Resorption initiated in the periodontium affecting the external surfaces of the tooth, may invade pulpal space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does fusion alter tooth shape?

<p>Two developing tooth buds fuse to form a single large tooth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does gemination alter tooth shape?

<p>An incomplete attempt of a single tooth germ to split resulting in two joined crowns with a single root/canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is concrescence and where does it usually occur?

<p>Fusion of two already formed teeth only by cementum, usually occurs between maxillary second and third molars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dilaceration?

<p>Extraordinary curving or angulation of the root.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What three factors of canal morphology is Weine's classification based on?

<p>Number of canal orifices, number of canals, and number of foramina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Weine classification type I.

<p>One orifice, one root canal, one apical foramen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Weine classification type II.

<p>Two orifices, two root canals, one apical foramen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Weine classification type III.

<p>Two orifices, two root canals, two apical foramina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe Weine classification type IV.

<p>One orifice, two root canals, two apical foramina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four major objectives of access opening?

<p>Unroof pulp chamber to locate canal orifices, attain straight line access, conserve tooth structure, correct outline form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of attaining straight line access?

<p>Better control of instruments, decreased procedural errors, improved obturation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should an endodontic file be deflected during straight line access?

<p>When it reaches the first curve in the middle or apical third of the canal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ledging?

<p>When the instrument goes straight instead of following the canal morphology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is transporting?

<p>Continuing in the direction of ledging after the initial ledge has been created.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is zipping?

<p>When the clinician makes their own artificial apical foramen (apical perforation).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a maxillary central incisor?

<p>23 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a maxillary central incisor classified based on Weine's classification?

<p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root curvature for maxillary central incisors and their % possibilities?

<p>Straight (75%), distal (8%), labial (9%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the root canal in the coronal 1/3 of a maxillary central incisor and what is its widest dimension?

<p>Oval, widest mesiodistally</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the root canal in the apical 1/3 of a maxillary central incisor?

<p>Round</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe maxillary central incisor access including shape, placement, size, and internal form.

<p>Shape: triangle, Placement: middle 1/3, Size: cingulum intact, &gt; 2 mm from incisal edge and marginal ridges, Internal form: smooth and taper to orifice, remove pulp horns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a maxillary lateral incisor?

<p>23 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a maxillary lateral incisor classified based on Weine's classification?

<p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root curvature for maxillary lateral incisors and their % possibilities?

<p>Distal (53%), straight (30%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the root canal in the coronal 1/3 of a maxillary lateral incisor and what is its widest dimension?

<p>Oval, widest buccolingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe maxillary lateral incisor access including shape, placement, size, and internal form.

<p>Shape: rounded triangle or oval, Placement: middle 1/3, Size: cingulum intact, &gt; 2 mm from incisal edge and marginal ridges, Internal form: smooth and taper to orifice, remove pulp horns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a maxillary canine?

<p>26.5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest tooth in the mouth and how long is it on average?

<p>Maxillary canine, 26.5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a maxillary canine classified based on Weine's classification?

<p>Type I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root curvature for maxillary canines and their % possibilities?

<p>Straight (39%), distal (32%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the root canal in the coronal 1/3 of a maxillary canine and what is its widest dimension?

<p>Oval, widest faciolingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the root canal in the apical 1/3 of a maxillary canine?

<p>Round</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe maxillary canine access including shape, placement, size, and internal form.

<p>Shape: oval, Placement: middle 1/3, Size: cingulum intact, &gt; 2 mm from incisal edge and marginal ridges, Internal form: smooth and taper to orifice, remove pulp horns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a mandibular central incisor?

<p>21 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a mandibular central incisor classified based on Weine's classification and its % possibilities?

<p>Type I (70%), Type II (25%), Type III (5%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root curvature for mandibular centrals and their % possibilities?

<p>Straight (60%), distal (23%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a mandibular lateral incisor?

<p>21 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a mandibular lateral incisor classified based on Weine's classification and its % possibilities?

<p>Type I (60%), Type II (30%), Type III (15%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root curvature for mandibular laterals and their % possibilities?

<p>Straight (60%), distal (23%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average length of a mandibular canine?

<p>26 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a mandibular canine classified based on Weine's classification and its % possibilities?

<p>Type I (70%), Type II (20%), Type III (10%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the root curvature for mandibular canines and their % possibilities?

<p>Straight (68%), distal (20%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outline form for maxillary incisors?

<p>Triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outline form for canines?

<p>Oval</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outline form for mandibular incisors?

<p>Oval</p> Signup and view all the answers

Initial external outline form should be how big compared to the final outline form?

<p>1/2 - 3/4 of final outline form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key steps of access of anterior teeth?

<ol> <li>Initial outline form (1/2 - 3/4 of final), 2. Penetration of pulp chamber roof, 3. Removal of chamber roof and ID of canal orifice, 4. Remove lingual shelf, 5. Smooth internal surface.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

How should the bur be positioned during initial penetration of enamel for access to anterior teeth, and what bur should you use?

<p>Perpendicular to the lingual surface, #2 or #4 round bur, 1-2 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the position of the bur change from initial penetration to penetration of the pulp chamber when accessing anterior teeth?

<p>Perpendicular to lingual surface -&gt; parallel to long axis of the root, #2 or #4 FG or latch type, less than 4 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you use to identify the canal orifice in anterior access?

<p>DG 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

What bur should you use to achieve a smooth internal surface during anterior access?

<p>Endo Z bur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What instruments can you use to remove the lingual shelf?

<p>Gates-Glidden drills (#2-#4) or proper gold SX rotary file.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy and Morphology of Teeth

  • Pulp space shape reflects the external form of the tooth.
  • Factors affecting canal morphology include age, race, irritants (caries, abrasion, erosion, trauma), calcification (pulp stones), and resorption (internal and external).

Resorption Types

  • Internal resorption: Involves a defect on the internal aspect of the root due to chronic inflammation and bacterial invasion; characterized by symmetric lesions and smooth margins on radiographs.
  • External resorption: Starts in the periodontium and affects external tooth surfaces; may invade pulpal space; identified by irregular margins on radiographs and followable canal continuity.

Tooth Fusion and Shape Alterations

  • Fusion: Two developing tooth buds combine, forming one large tooth; roots or canals may be separate or joined.
  • Gemination: An incomplete split of a single tooth germ results in two joined crowns with a single root/canal.
  • Concrescence: Fusion of two fully formed teeth only by cementum, typically between maxillary 2nd and 3rd molars.
  • Dilaceration: Extraordinary curving or angulation of the root.

Weine's Classification of Canal Morphology

  • Based on number of canal orifices, root canals, and apical foramina for single-rooted teeth.
  • Type I: One orifice, one canal, one apical foramen.
  • Type II: Two orifices, two canals, one apical foramen.
  • Type III: Two orifices, two canals, two apical foramina.
  • Type IV: One orifice, two canals, two apical foramina.

Access Opening Objectives

  • Unroof the pulp chamber to locate canal orifices.
  • Achieve straight-line access for better instrument control.
  • Conserve tooth structure during the procedure.
  • Ensure correct outline form regarding size, shape, position, and internal form.

Access Techniques

  • Straight-line access allows better control, reduced procedural errors (ledging, transporting, zipping), and improved obturation.
  • Endodontic files should be deflected upon reaching the first curve in the canal's middle or apical third.

Common Endodontic Issues

  • Leding: Instrument deviates from the canal path.
  • Transporting: Continuing straight from a ledged path.
  • Zipping: Creating an artificial apical foramen.

Average Lengths and Classifications of Anterior Teeth

  • Maxillary central incisor: Average length 23 mm, classified as Type I (straight - 75%).
  • Maxillary lateral incisor: Average length 23 mm, also Type I.
  • Maxillary canine: Average length 26.5 mm, longest tooth, Type I classification.
  • Mandibular central incisor: Average length 21 mm, Type I predominates.
  • Mandibular lateral incisor: Average length 21 mm, also Type I.
  • Mandibular canine: Average length 26 mm, Type I mostly.

Root Canal Shapes

  • Maxillary incisors have an oval root canal in the coronal third (widest mesiodistally) and round in the apical third.
  • Maxillary lateral incisors: Oval shape in the coronal third (widest buccolingually).
  • Maxillary canines: Oval in the coronal third (widest faciolingually) and round in the apical third.

Access Forms for Anterior Teeth

  • Maxillary Central Incisor Access: Triangle shape, middle 1/3 placement, >2 mm from incisal edge, smooth internal form.
  • Maxillary Lateral Incisor Access: Rounded triangle or oval shape, similar placement and internal form to central incisors.
  • Maxillary Canine Access: Oval shape and placement with similar internal forms to incisors.

Access Steps for Anterior Teeth

  • Establish initial outline form of 1/2 to 3/4 of final.
  • Penetration of pulp chamber roof and removal to identify canal orifice.
  • Smooth internal surfaces with Endo Z bur.

Instrumentation and Bur Usage

  • Use #2 or #4 round bur perpendicular to the lingual surface during initial penetration of enamel.
  • Change from perpendicular to parallel during pulp chamber penetration using #2 or #4 FG or latch type bur.
  • DG 16 utilized for identifying canal orifices.
  • Gates-Glidden drills or proper gold SX rotary files recommended for removing lingual shelf.

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Test your knowledge on the anatomy and morphology of ant teeth with these flashcards. Each card focuses on key terms and definitions related to dental pulp space and canal morphology. Perfect for dental students and professionals looking to enhance their understanding.

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