Academic Writing Referencing Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of referencing in academic writing?

  • To enhance the creative writing style of the paper
  • To acknowledge the contributions of other authors (correct)
  • To provide legal protection against lawsuits
  • To make the research paper longer

In which of the following situations should you use a direct quote?

  • When you want to use the exact words of the source (correct)
  • When you want to summarize the main ideas of the source
  • When you can express the ideas better in your own words
  • When the source includes personal opinions and interpretations

What must be included when providing a direct quote from a source?

  • The publication city and the author's biography
  • The author’s last name, year of publication, and page number (correct)
  • The title of the source and the page number
  • Only the author's last name

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between in-text citations and the reference list?

<p>All cited references in the list must appear in-text and vice-versa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended limit for the number of direct quotes per page?

<p>Three direct quotes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it advised to avoid overusing direct quotes?

<p>They do not add value to the author's arguments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technique for presenting in-text citations?

<p>Referring to other academic papers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to follow the guidelines for citations?

<p>To demonstrate integrity and respect for intellectual property (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for referencing a journal article in the reference list?

<p>Author(s).(Year).Title of journal – italicized, Volume – italicized(Issue or number)Page number(s).doi:xx.xxxxx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly formats an in-text citation for a newspaper with a single author?

<p>Author (Year) (C), (Author, Year) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is the online format for a newspaper article correctly applied?

<p>Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p. 8 <a href="http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/nutritionists-warn">http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/nutritionists-warn</a>. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should multiple authors be indicated in the reference list for a newspaper article?

<p>Use &amp; to connect multiple authors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct in-text citation format for a newspaper article without an author?

<p>(Meeting the needs of counsellors, 2001) (A), Meeting the needs of counsellors (2001) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of paraphrasing in research writing?

<p>To present ideas in your own words. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach helps demonstrate a reader's ability to identify similarities across sources?

<p>Comparison (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In literature reviews, contrasting sources highlights what aspect?

<p>The differences between opposing viewpoints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key expectation from university students regarding critical analysis?

<p>To identify flaws in the arguments presented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When conducting an in-text citation with one author, which format is correct?

<p>Last name and year of publication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing a source with two authors, how should the authors' names be presented?

<p>Both names separated by 'and'. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario does NOT require a page number in in-text citations?

<p>Paraphrased statements. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a common flaw in the critical analysis process?

<p>Overlooking weaknesses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should figures like Wankey's be cited in a narrative form?

<p>Wankey (2023) highlights... (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in an in-text citation for personal communication?

<p>Their name in-text, but not in the reference list. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What denotes a well-supported argument in research writing?

<p>Strong evidence and logical reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to closely examine previous research when writing a literature review?

<p>To avoid repeating other researchers' mistakes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does critical analysis in writing typically entail?

<p>Finding gaps or errors in existing research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the last steps to remember when citing a source in your research?

<p>Ensure all in-text citations match the reference list. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be included in a citation for personal communication?

<p>The author's first initial and last name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which conjunction is used when authors are cited parenthetically?

<p>&amp; (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what format should a short quote (less than 40 words) be cited in an essay?

<p>Enclosed within double quotation marks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT necessary when citing personal communications?

<p>Specify the type of communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario should 'et al.' be used in citations?

<p>When there are four or more authors, including the first citation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a long quote (40 words or more) be formatted in an essay?

<p>As a freestanding block of text without quotation marks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If multiple works with three or more authors share the same short form citation, how should they be cited to avoid ambiguity?

<p>List enough authors to differentiate, abbreviating others with 'et al.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should group authors be cited in subsequent citations after the first time?

<p>Use only the abbreviation in parentheses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of resource should be cited with the author's upload date?

<p>Audiovisual works from platforms like YouTube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing a secondary source, what phrase indicates that the source has not been read directly?

<p>as cited in (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of quote requires the inclusion of a timestamp instead of a page number?

<p>Audiovisual works (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What abbreviation should be used when citing a source with no date of publication?

<p>n.d. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When quoting from a webpage, how can readers locate the quote if there are no page numbers?

<p>Provide a section name or heading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the reference for a video if the author is not the real name?

<p>The name of the channel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a work has an unknown author?

<p>Use the title of the work in place of the author. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing a quote from a source without page numbers, which method is NOT recommended?

<p>Mention the publishing agency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should multiple citations be ordered when included parenthetically?

<p>Alphabetically by author's last name. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when citing personal communications?

<p>Only cite them in the text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a citation for unpublished papers found on Moodle?

<p>They can only be cited in the body text (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for citing a work with 'Anonymous' as the author?

<p>(Anonymous, Year) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formats is appropriate for citing an audiovisual work?

<p>Provide a timestamp in place of a page number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the full names of all authors be spelled out in in-text citations?

<p>When the last author differs in two works from the same authors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to refer to informal communication that is not recoverable?

<p>Personal communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to quote a source that lacks page numbers?

<p>Indicate the heading and paragraph number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate method for citing two works by the same authors in a chronological order?

<p>First use the authors’ surnames, then years in order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What citation format is NOT appropriate for YouTube videos?

<p>The original publication date of content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cannot be considered personal communication?

<p>Recorded interviews (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing multiple works parenthetically, how should they be separated?

<p>With semicolons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a quotation of fewer than 40 words from a research participant be formatted?

<p>In quotation marks within the text. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in the reference list for web content when there is no identifiable author?

<p>Use the title and the year of publication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary when citing a government department as an author for the first time?

<p>Provide the full name and abbreviation in brackets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should multiple works by the same author be ordered in the reference list?

<p>By publication date, from newest to oldest. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT typically found in a complete reference list entry?

<p>Author’s email address (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario should you italicize the title when creating a reference list entry?

<p>For the titles of books and journals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What formatting rule applies for listing multiple authors in a reference list?

<p>Use '&amp;' instead of 'and'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What indicates with whom a quotation from a research participant originated?

<p>In-text attribution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a guideline for citing blog posts?

<p>Cite them as you would for books or journals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first line of a reference list entry supposed to be?

<p>Left-hand justified. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a title be formatted in a reference list entry?

<p>Capitalize only the first word and proper names. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a book that has more than one author, how should the names be presented?

<p>List authors with '&amp;' before the last author's name. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how to cite a work with a government department as the author?

<p>The Department of Health (2021). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When citing a quotation of 40 words or more from a research participant, how should it be presented?

<p>In a block quotation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a reference with more than twenty authors be formatted in APA style?

<p>List the first 19 authors and the last one, using an ellipses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for citing an online article published by an organization?

<p>Organization Name. (Year). Title of article. Retrieved from URL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT required while referencing a YouTube video in APA style?

<p>Description of the video's content. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a dictionary entry from an online source, what format is correct for an entry with no author?

<p>Word defined. (Year). Name of Dictionary. URL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately represents an APA reference for a journal article without a DOI?

<p>Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), Page range. URL. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When referencing a blog post, which of the following details is NOT required?

<p>Author's real name. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In APA format, how should multiple authors be indicated in in-text citations?

<p>Use ampersand (&amp;) for two authors and 'et al.' for three or more. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct citation for a print dictionary in APA style?

<p>Author(s). Title of Dictionary (Edition). Publisher. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of elements for citing an online article in APA format?

<p>Author, Date, Title, Source, URL. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is typically not included in a reference for a print journal article?

<p>Article's abstract. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of using ellipses (...) in a reference list with many authors?

<p>To show that some authors are omitted from the list. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates the correct in-text citation format for a source with a corporate author?

<p>Both A and B are correct. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When referencing a specific entry in an online dictionary without an author, which detail is required?

<p>Entry title. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Referencing

The act of acknowledging and citing the sources used in academic writing.

In-text Citation

A brief reference within the body of a research paper that indicates the source of information.

Reference List

A complete list of all sources cited in a research paper, presented alphabetically and on a separate page.

Direct Quote

Using the exact words from a source, enclosed in quotation marks.

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Paraphrasing

Expressing someone else's ideas in your own words, maintaining the original meaning.

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Plagiarism

Using someone else's ideas or words without proper attribution.

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Copyright

The legal right granted to the creator of original works.

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Why is referencing important?

Referencing is important because it acknowledges the work done by others, avoids plagiarism, and ensures the accuracy and credibility of research.

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Comparison in Literature Review

Highlighting how different sources agree on a particular point, demonstrating your ability to identify similarities.

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Contrast in Literature Review

Pointing out differences between sources, showcasing your analytical skills.

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Critical Analysis in Literature Review

Evaluating sources for strengths and weaknesses, offering your own insights and judgements.

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Parenthetical Citation

Placing the source information in parentheses within the text.

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Narrative Citation

Incorporating the source information naturally within the sentence.

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Citing One Author

Include the author's last name and year of publication in the citation.

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Citing Two Authors

Include both authors' last names and the year of publication in the citation.

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APA Citation Style

A widely used style for citing sources in academic writing, providing specific guidelines.

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In-text Citation vs. Reference List

In-text citations are brief references within the text, while the reference list provides full details of each source at the end of the paper.

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Personal Communication

Sources like interviews or conversations that are not included in the reference list but mentioned in-text.

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Scholarly Article

A research paper published in an academic journal, typically reviewed by experts in the field.

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What is "et al."?

"Et al." is Latin for "and others" and is used in citations to represent three or more authors.

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Avoiding Citation Ambiguity

When citing multiple works with three or more authors that shorten to the same in-text form, use enough names to distinguish them.

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Group Authors

Groups like organizations or government agencies are cited in the first mention by full name, then abbreviated for subsequent citations.

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Secondary Source

A source that cites information from another source, not the original study itself.

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Citing No Date

When a source lacks a publication year, use "n.d." (no date) in the citation.

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Citing Unknown Author

When the author is unknown, cite the title and year of publication.

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Citing Multiple Works

List parenthetical citations in alphabetical order, separated by semicolons.

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Citing Multiple Works by Same Authors

For multiple works by the same authors, list them by year, placing no-date citations first.

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What is plagiarism?

Using someone else's ideas or words without proper acknowledgment.

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What is a direct quote?

Using the exact words from a source, placed within quotation marks.

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What is paraphrasing?

Rewriting someone else's ideas in your own words, but retaining the original meaning.

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Personal Communication Citation

A citation used for sources that are not publicly accessible, such as emails, private conversations, or unpublished work. It includes the author's name, "personal communication", and the date.

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Personal Communication Citation Purpose

To acknowledge the source of information and provide a basic identifier, but not require the reader to access the original source.

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Personal Communication Citation Format

Author's first initial and last name or organization name, followed by "personal communication", and the date.

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When to Cite Personal Communication

When you use information from a source that is not publicly accessible, such as an email, private conversation, or unpublished paper.

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Short Quote Format

Enclose the quote in double quotation marks, include author's last name, year of publication, and page number(s).

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Long Quote Format

Include the quote as a separate paragraph without quotation marks, double-space it, and cite the author's last name, year of publication, and page number(s).

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Quoting Online Resources

When quoting from a website, webpage, or ebook without page numbers, provide an alternative way to locate the quote, such as a heading, section name, paragraph number, or a combination of these.

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Quoting Audiovisual Works

Provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation instead of a page number.

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Quoting Canonically Numbered Sections

Use the name of the book, chapter, verse, line, or canto instead of a page number.

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Why is Direct Quoting Used Sparingly?

Direct quoting is used sparingly because it can disrupt the flow of your writing and should be used only when the source's exact wording is crucial to your point.

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Citing YouTube Videos

Use the same format as citing authors in books, with the uploader's name (person or organization) or channel name as the author and the upload date.

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Citing Video Materials - Importance of Accuracy

Accuracy in video citations is important because it helps others verify the source and its content.

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Journal Article (Printed)

A scholarly article published in a printed journal, including author names, year, title, journal title, volume, issue, and page numbers.

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News Article (Print)

An article published in a printed newspaper, including author names, year, month, day, title, newspaper title, and page number.

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News Article (Online)

An article published online in a newspaper, including author names, year, month, day, title, newspaper title, page number, and URL.

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News Article (No Author)

An article published in a newspaper without a named author, including the title, year, month, day, newspaper title, and page number.

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Quoting Research Participants

When quoting individuals you interviewed, use the same formatting as for quoting published works, but don't include them in the reference list.

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Attributing Quotes

Clearly state who said what in your text, even if using pseudonyms, to show different perspectives.

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Website Reference List

For web content, include URL in the reference list, along with author, date, and title.

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Unidentified Author

When a webpage has no known author, use the title's first words and year in the in-text citation.

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Government Department as Author

When referencing a government agency, use the full name and abbreviation for the first time, then the abbreviation.

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Blog Post Citation

Treat blog posts like regular articles, using author's name or screen name and year.

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Reference List Ordering

Order the entries alphabetically by the author's last name. If multiple works by the same author, order by year, oldest to newest.

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No Author in Reference List

If no author is listed, the title takes its place and is alphabetized by the first significant word.

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Reference List Formatting

The first line of the entry is left-aligned, while subsequent lines are indented.

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Title Case in References

Capitalize only the first word of the title and subtitle, and any proper names.

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Basic Reference Elements

A reference generally has four elements: author, date, title, and source.

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Book Reference: Edition

Include the edition number (e.g., 3rd ed.) in brackets after the title if it's not the first edition.

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Book Reference: Publisher

Include the publisher's name as concisely as possible, omitting unnecessary terms.

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Book Reference: Editors

If editors are listed, identify them as such by adding 'Ed.' (singular) or 'Eds.' (plural) after their names.

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Two Authors in Reference

When citing two authors, use the ampersand symbol '&' instead of 'and'.

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Multiple Authors (3-20)

List all author names in the order they appear on the publication.

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Multiple Authors (20+)

List the first 19 authors, then an ellipsis (...) and the last author's name.

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Internet Resource Citation

Include author, date, title (in italics), URL, and any other relevant information.

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Organization as Author

When an organization publishes a document, cite the organization as the author.

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YouTube Video Citation

Include uploader, date, title (italicized), [Video], website, and URL.

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Dictionary (Print) Citation

Cite the author (or editor), year, dictionary title, and publication place.

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Dictionary (Online) Citation

Cite the dictionary name, publication year, and URL.

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Specific Entry in Online Dictionary

Cite the term defined, year, dictionary name, and URL.

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Journal Article (Print) Citation

Include author(s), year, title, journal name (italicized), volume (italicized), issue, page numbers.

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Journal Article (Online with DOI) Citation

Include author(s), year, title, journal name (italicized), volume (italicized), issue, page numbers, DOI.

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Journal Article (Online Without DOI) Citation

Include author(s), year, title, journal name (italicized), volume (italicized), issue, page numbers, journal URL.

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Journal Article (No Author) Citation

Cite the article title, year, journal name (italicized), volume (italicized), issue, page numbers.

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Study Notes

APA Style Referencing

  • Referencing is crucial in academic writing, both morally and legally.
  • Moral obligation: Acknowledging the work of others.
  • Legal obligation: Avoiding plagiarism and copyright infringement.
  • Referencing appears in the research paper body and bibliography.

In-Text Citation

  • Appears in the research paper body when using others' work.
  • Includes direct quotes, paraphrasing, comparisons, contrasts, and critical analysis.

Reference List

  • Alphabetical list of cited sources.
  • Contains full details of all in-text citations.
  • Required for in-text citations, except for personal communications.

Citing Techniques

  • Direct Quote: Use quotation marks, keep quotes short (ideally under 20 words), limit to 3 per page, cite author, year, and page number.
    • Example: Wankey (2023) asserts that “third year students enrolled in Criminology 7 shall do their Research Seriously.”
  • Paraphrasing: Restate information in your own words, preferred method, cite author and year.
    • Example: One of the best ways to organize a review of the literature is to have clear, different sections (Wa-Mbaleka, 2018).
  • Comparison: Highlight similarities between sources, shows good reading comprehension. Cite all sources.
    • Example: Both Lune and Berg (2017) and Wa-Mbaleka (2018) emphasize the importance of a thorough literature review.
  • Contrast: Point out differences between sources, shows comprehensive reading. Cite all sources.
    • Example: While Denzin and Lincoln (2011) focus entirely on qualitative methods, Yin (2014) sometimes includes quantitative aspects.
  • Critical Analysis: Evaluate arguments, identify weaknesses/flaws in previous research, and provide supporting evidence.
    • Example: Krashen (2018) suggests learning vocabulary solely by reading; however, there is doubt about this claim. Supporting Evidence: Students watching videos on topic might check dictionary.

In-text Citations - Guidelines

  • One Author: Author's last name and year.
  • Two Authors: Both author's last names and year, use "&" in parentheses.
  • Three or More Authors: First author's last name followed by "et al." and year.
    • If multiple works shorten to the same in-text citation, spell out enough names to avoid ambiguity; use "et al." for the rest.
  • Groups as Authors: Full name in first citation, then abbreviation.
    • Example: (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2007) then (MOH, 2007)
  • Secondary Sources: Include "as cited in" in text citation, not in reference list.
  • No Year: Use "n.d."
  • Unknown Author: Use title in citations in-place of author and italicize when the title is italicized. Use quotation marks otherwise, capitalize title using title case.
  • Multiple Works: List citations alphabetically, separating with semicolons.
  • Personal Communications: Cite initials and last name, "personal communication," and date. No page numbers/locations. Only in the text.

Specific Citation Styles

  • YouTube/Video Material: Author (or channel name), date, title [Video], site, URL.
  • Web Content: Author/Date format similar to other sources. No "Retrieved from".
  • Blog Posts: Similar to book authors, may include screen name.
  • Dictionary (Print): Author, year, title, publisher.
  • Dictionary (Online): Entry/year, dictionary name, URL
  • Journal Article: Author(s), year, title, journal title, volume, issue (if applicable), month, pages, DOI or URL (for online journals).
  • News Article: Author(s), year/date, title, newspaper title, page number(s), URL (for online articles).
  • Book: Author/editor, year, title, edition (if applicable), publisher.

Reference List Guidelines

  • Alphabetical order by author's last name.
  • Multiple works by same author ordered chronologically.
  • If no author, title takes author's position, alphabetized by first significant word.
  • Use "&" instead of "and" for multiple authors in reference lists.
  • First line left-justified, subsequent lines indented.
  • Capitalize first word of title and subtitle and proper nouns. Italicize titles of books/journals/webpages.
  • Combine all sources (books, articles, webpages) into one alphabetical reference list.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the essential aspects of referencing in academic writing. This quiz covers direct quotes, citation guidelines, and the relationship between in-text citations and reference lists. Enhance your understanding of proper citation practices to improve your writing skills.

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