Academic Writing: Citation and Plagiarism Practices

Academic Writing

• This document is about accurate citation, paraphrasing, and bibliography practices for academic writing.
• It outlines rules and examples for properly citing and referencing sources within academic texts.
• The document covers various types of citations, including those for single authors, multiple authors, authors with the same name, and anonymous works.

When to Cite

• Cite sources when their ideas, theories, or research directly influenced your own work.
• Proper citation requires you to read the cited work thoroughly.
• For each key argument or point, use several primary sources.
• In synthesis articles, citations should be more frequent.

Plagiarism

• Plagiarism is presenting another author's concepts, phrases, ideas, arguments or works as your own.
• It is important to give credit to the authors whose ideas you use.
• To avoid plagiarism, read sources carefully and only use quotes or paraphrased ideas when the source's words or ideas are exactly related to a point in your writing.
• Avoid plagiarism by properly including and acknowledging cited material.

Self-Plagiarism

• Self-plagiarism is submitting previously published work as if it were new.
• The core of a new document needs to present original analysis and contributions to the subject.
• Self-plagiarism does not enhance your knowledge.

Citing and Paraphrasing

• Citing is reproducing words literally from another source, using the same exact words.
• Paraphrasing is expressing another author's idea with your own words.
• To adequately cite or paraphrase sources, clearly note the author, year of publication, page number (if applicable), and any additional information.

Formatting Citations (Based on Length and Placement)

• Short quotations (less than 40 words) are integrated into the text, enclosed in double quotes.
• Longer quotations (more than 40 words) are in a separate paragraph, indented, with an accompanying citation.
• Citations are placed immediately after quotes or paraphrasing.

Formatting Citations (Based on Multiple Authors and Formatting)

• Citations of two authors include the names of both.

• With three, four, or five authors, the first author's name is followed by "et al."

• For more than six authors, only the first author's name followed by "et al." is used.

• The date is placed within the parentheses.

• Format citations in alphabetical order or according to publication dates.

Formatting Citations (Various Cases)

• When citing works by authors with the same name, include the initial(s) of the first name.
• Anonymous works use the name "Anonymous" in the citation.
• Works without an author include the first few words of the title.
• For classic works, cite the year of translation if the original publication date isn't available.
• Provide the specific page number of quotes and paraphrasing from classic texts..

Citing from Secondary Sources

• Primary sources are the original works of an author.
• Secondary sources contain analysis or commentary based on primary sources.
• A secondary citation notes the secondary source, noting the primary source and its content.
• Correctly cite the primary source in the relevant bibliography listing.

Referencing Components

• Reference list contains details for cited sources.
• Key aspects of references: author, date, title, journal, volume, etc.

Document Types

• The document covers formatting of citations for a wide range of academic documents, such as journal articles, books, chapters, conference papers, reports, websites, and more.

• This guide also discusses citations for various types of archival materials, such as letters and personal papers.

• The document includes detailed guidelines for formatting citations and references for various sources.

This quiz explores the essential aspects of accurate citation, paraphrasing, and bibliography for academic writing. It covers the importance of citing sources, understanding plagiarism, and the rules for referencing different types of works. Test your knowledge on these critical academic practices and enhance your writing skills.