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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes business writing from academic writing?
Which characteristic primarily distinguishes business writing from academic writing?
- Academic writing focuses on attracting customers, while business writing focuses on demonstrating knowledge.
- Business writing is driven by organizational needs or personal initiative, while academic writing is prompted by educators. (correct)
- Academic writing prioritizes urgent deadlines and honest opinions, unlike business writing.
- Business writing includes theses, introductions, and conclusions, while academic writing does not.
A journal article review focuses primarily on evaluating research methods rather than critiquing the academic paper itself.
A journal article review focuses primarily on evaluating research methods rather than critiquing the academic paper itself.
False (B)
What are the two key actions involved in writing an article review?
What are the two key actions involved in writing an article review?
summarizing and assessing
Academic writing's primary audience is often just a ______.
Academic writing's primary audience is often just a ______.
Match each article review type with its description:
Match each article review type with its description:
Which of the following is a key component of the introduction to an article review?
Which of the following is a key component of the introduction to an article review?
In business writing, the writer always has the freedom to include their own honest opinion on the material.
In business writing, the writer always has the freedom to include their own honest opinion on the material.
What should the conclusion of an article review primarily do?
What should the conclusion of an article review primarily do?
A literature review is a comprehensive survey of works published in a specific field of study, usually over a specific ______.
A literature review is a comprehensive survey of works published in a specific field of study, usually over a specific ______.
Match each element with its characteristic of academic writing:
Match each element with its characteristic of academic writing:
Which aspect is vital to include when summarizing an article for review?
Which aspect is vital to include when summarizing an article for review?
Academic writing often incorporates urgent deadlines as a crucial constraint
Academic writing often incorporates urgent deadlines as a crucial constraint
Besides summarizing, what else should be included during the analysis when conducting the review?
Besides summarizing, what else should be included during the analysis when conducting the review?
In an article review, after citing the article properly, one should include the identification of the reviewed article including the title of the article, author, title of the ______, and year of publication.
In an article review, after citing the article properly, one should include the identification of the reviewed article including the title of the article, author, title of the ______, and year of publication.
Match each item with the corresponding description regarding business writing structure:
Match each item with the corresponding description regarding business writing structure:
During the pre-writing process for an article review, what should be identified?
During the pre-writing process for an article review, what should be identified?
Literature reviews should primarily focus on opinion based works rather than empirical and verified research.
Literature reviews should primarily focus on opinion based works rather than empirical and verified research.
What is the main focus of a research article review?
What is the main focus of a research article review?
Before writing an article review, one must ______ their thoughts.
Before writing an article review, one must ______ their thoughts.
Match the following structure element with its respective function in a literature review:
Match the following structure element with its respective function in a literature review:
Flashcards
Academic Writing
Academic Writing
Writing by students, prompted by teachers, to demonstrate acquired knowledge.
Business Writing
Business Writing
Writing driven by personal initiative or organizational needs to attract customers, report sales, etc.
Article Review
Article Review
Summarizes and assesses another person's article with a logical evaluation of the central theme.
Journal Article Review
Journal Article Review
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Research Article Review
Research Article Review
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Science Article Review
Science Article Review
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Literature Review
Literature Review
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Purpose Distinction
Purpose Distinction
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Audience Distinction
Audience Distinction
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Content Distinction
Content Distinction
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Study Notes
- Module G11 covers academic and business writing, including article and literature reviews, scheduled for February 10-14, 2025
- The module aims to differentiate business and academic writing
- The module involves defining, analyzing, and constructing article and literature reviews
Academic vs Business Writing
- Academic and business writing should both convey clear messages, but differ in nature due to belonging to different fields
- Key differentiating factors include purpose, audience, and subject matter.
Academic Writing
- Academic writing is usually written by students as prompted by teachers.
- It demonstrates acquired knowledge
- The purpose is to demonstrate what has been learned.
- The audience is usually a professor
- Genres include term papers, journals, essays, oral reports, and exam answers.
- The student owns the writing
- There is flexibility in choosing the writing environment
- The writing process involves few people, like instructors
- Structure includes an introduction with a thesis statement, a body, and a conclusion.
- Writers can add any point relevant to support the thesis
- The design follows a specific academic format given by the instructor.
Business Writing
- Business writing is initiated personally or by organizational needs
- It aims to attract customers, report sales, or solve problems.
- The purpose is "writing to do."
- Audiences include stakeholders, clients, employees, managers, agencies, and lawyers
- Genres include memos, proposals, letters, reports, business plans, performance evaluations, audit reports, contracts, marketing plans, handbooks, and manuals.
- The company owns the writing
- Urgent deadlines are crucial, with little room for personal opinions
- The writing process involves feedback from various people before publishing
- Structure includes a table of contents, company description, executive summary, industry/strategic analysis, and recommendations
- Content includes information needed by the readers.
- Design incorporates white spaces, prominent headings, and bullet points.
Examples of Writing
- Academic writing examples include article reviews, literature reviews, research reports, and college essays
- Business writing examples include business letters, emails, memorandums, meeting agendas, project proposals, and contract drafting
Article Reviews
- An article review is a summary and assessment of another person's article
- It involves evaluating the article's central theme and supporting arguments
- The key is to understand the article's main points for accurate summarization
- The review both evaluates and summarizes, following a specific format and guidelines
Types of Article Reviews
- Journal article reviews critique academic papers, providing thoughts on strengths and weaknesses and how it fits in with other work.
- Research article reviews evaluate research methods used in a study and compare them to other research studies
- Science article reviews deal with publications in science, providing detailed background information
Writing an Article Review
- Begin with preparatory steps
- Identify the type of review to be written
- Summarize the article, identifying main points, ideas, observations, and general information
- Identify strong claims and any contradictions or gaps
- Evaluate if sufficient arguments support the ideas and determine unanswered questions
- Evaluate the title, abstract, introduction, headings, opening sentences, and conclusion
- Write a title that reflects the research focus, and can be interrogative, descriptive, or declarative
- Cite the reviewed article using the instructor's specified citation style
Article Identification
- Include the title, author, journal title, and year of publication in the first paragraph
Introduction Content
- Include a thesis statement
- Include a summary of key points
- Include positive aspects and facts
- Include a critique including contradictions, gaps, and unanswered questions
Article Summary
- Summarize the article and discuss the author's central arguments
- List relevant facts, findings, and the author's conclusion
Critical Analysis
- State the author’s contribution and present strengths and weaknesses and research gaps
- Determine if the facts and theories support the arguments
Conclusion
- Sum up critical points, findings, and your critique
- State the review's accuracy and validity and suggest future research
Revision
- Revise and proofread for spelling, grammar, punctuation, and structure
- Reading aloud can help identify errors
Importance of Article Reviews
- Corrects vague terms and clarifies questions
- Allows the author to see other perspectives and overcome biases
- Improves grammar and writing skills
- Encourages better performance by providing suggestions and criticism
Example: "Why Have There Been No Great Female Artists?"
- Written by Linda Nochlin, focuses on the history and theory of feminist art
- Begins with a feminist stance and uses appeals to emotion and historical investigations
- Points out issues women face in society and states that one should avoid judging women
- Discusses the history of women as artists by discussing artists who rose out of poverty and succeeded
- States that the expectations of women do not leave them time to practice and develop as artists
- Challenges the idea that female artists are different from male artists due to the number of women excelling in arts
- Discusses how the lack of opportunities for women in the art industry is a disadvantage
- Claims that art institutions are historically not as accepting to women as they are to men
Literature Reviews
- A literature review is a comprehensive survey of published works in a specific field or research area
- It usually covers a specific period and can be an in-depth essay or annotated list
- It draws attention to the most significant works
- Literature reviews can be part of a research paper or scholarly article, typically after the introduction and before the methods section
- It summarizes and analyzes previous research on a topic
- It includes scholarly books and articles
- It can be a specific scholarly paper or section
Objective of Literature Reviews
- Gather ideas and information
- Keep up with current trends and findings
- Develop new questions
Importance of Literature Reviews
- Explains research background and why a topic is significant
- Helps focus research questions and discovers relationships between studies
- Suggests unexplored ideas and identifies major themes
- Tests assumptions, counters biases, and identifies gaps in existing research
- Indicates future research directions
Structure of Literature Reviews
- Introduces the topic and thesis
- Forecasts key topics or texts
- Explains how sources were found and analyzed
- Summarize and synthesize information, combining sources into a coherent whole
- Analyze and interpret, adding your interpretations with the literature as a whole
- Critically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of sources
- Use structured paragraphs with transitions to connect, compare, and contrast
- Conclude by summarizing key findings
- Emphasize findings' significance
- Connect to the primary research question
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