Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the consequence of failing to cite sources or plagiarizing works during exams?
What is the consequence of failing to cite sources or plagiarizing works during exams?
- Zero grade in that exam call only
- Loss of attendance sheet privileges
- Loss of continuous evaluation and possible oral examination in future calls (correct)
- Warning from the Faculty and possible expulsion
What is the purpose of restricting the use of documentation provided by the teacher?
What is the purpose of restricting the use of documentation provided by the teacher?
- To protect the intellectual property of the teacher (correct)
- To prevent students from sharing notes
- To make students purchase textbooks
- To encourage students to attend classes regularly
What is a mutation that affects the gametes?
What is a mutation that affects the gametes?
- Somatic mutation
- Point mutation
- Neutral mutation
- Germinal mutation (correct)
What type of mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base pair?
What type of mutation is a change in a single nucleotide base pair?
Why are electronic devices not allowed during classes?
Why are electronic devices not allowed during classes?
What is the consequence of using electronic devices during exams?
What is the consequence of using electronic devices during exams?
What determines the classification of mutations?
What determines the classification of mutations?
What is the effect of a neutral mutation?
What is the effect of a neutral mutation?
What is the result of a mutation in a regulatory gene?
What is the result of a mutation in a regulatory gene?
What is the effect of a mutation occurring early in embryonic development?
What is the effect of a mutation occurring early in embryonic development?
What type of mutation is a change of a single base or nucleotide in an individual's DNA sequence?
What type of mutation is a change of a single base or nucleotide in an individual's DNA sequence?
What is the result of a mutation in a structural gene?
What is the result of a mutation in a structural gene?
Which type of mutation is more common in women?
Which type of mutation is more common in women?
What is the result of a mutation in a germ cell?
What is the result of a mutation in a germ cell?
What type of mutations affect the number of base pairs in a DNA sequence?
What type of mutations affect the number of base pairs in a DNA sequence?
What can cause a point mutation?
What can cause a point mutation?
What is the result of a silent mutation?
What is the result of a silent mutation?
What is the difference between a transition and a transversion?
What is the difference between a transition and a transversion?
What type of mutations can lead to the generation of new alleles?
What type of mutations can lead to the generation of new alleles?
What is the result of changes in splicing regions?
What is the result of changes in splicing regions?
What type of mutations can affect the expression levels of a gene?
What type of mutations can affect the expression levels of a gene?
What is the result of a nonsense mutation?
What is the result of a nonsense mutation?
What type of mutations can lead to the loss or gain of function?
What type of mutations can lead to the loss or gain of function?
What is the result of changes in the orientation of a gene sequence?
What is the result of changes in the orientation of a gene sequence?
Study Notes
Rules of Behavior
- Failure in academic integrity, including plagiarism and improper use of information during exams, can result in loss of continuous evaluation and further sanctions.
- Improper use of electronic devices during exams will result in a grade of 0.0 for that call and may lead to an oral examination in future calls.
- Electronic devices are not allowed during classes, and the use of provided documentation is restricted to preparation of the subject.
Mutations
Classification of Mutations
- According to affected cell: somatic (affecting the individual) or germinal (affecting gametes)
- According to type of mutation: point mutations, insertions, deletions, etc.
- According to effect of mutation: positive, negative, or neutral
Somatic Mutations
- Affect the individual, excluding gametes
- Can result in mosaicism (different cell lines with different genetic information) or affect structural or regulatory genes
- Structural gene mutations can lead to cell elimination without major consequences
- Regulatory gene mutations can lead to uncontrolled cell divisions and tumor formation
Germinal Mutations
- Affect stem cells of gametes and ovules/sperm
- Can result in offspring with aneuploidies, such as Down's syndrome
- Women tend to accumulate numerical chromosomal anomalies, while men tend to accumulate point mutations
Types of Mutations
- Point mutations: changes in a single base or nucleotide in the DNA sequence
- Transitions: changes between puric or pyrimidine bases
- Transversions: changes between puric and pyrimidine bases
- Mutations affecting the number of base pairs: duplications, deletions, gain, or loss of base pairs
- Mutations affecting the position of DNA segments: large insertions, deletions, translocations, and inversions
Impact of Mutations
- No effect: silent mutations in non-coding or non-regulatory regions
- Change of amino acid: can lead to loss or gain of function, generation of new alleles, and consequences on the phenotype
- Nonsense mutation and changes in reading pattern: can truncate the peptide or alter the protein sequence
- Changes in splicing regions: affect messenger RNA processing, leading to damage to the protein sequence
- Changes in regulatory and promoter regions: alter gene expression levels or subsequent processing
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Description
This quiz covers the rules of behavior in academic settings, including academic integrity, plagiarism, and attendance policies.
