Abstraction in Programming

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Questions and Answers

What is abstraction?

A view or representation of an entity that includes only the most significant attributes. (correct)

A way to specify a process, without providing the details of how it performs its task.

A view or representation of an entity that includes only the most insignificant attributes.

A data structure, in the form of a record, but which includes subprograms that manipulate its data.

What is process abstraction?

As objects where they provide a way for a program to specify a process, without providing the details of how it performs its task.

As subprograms where they provide a way for a program to specify a process, without providing the details of how it performs its task. (correct)

As encapsulations where they provide a way for a program to specify a process, without providing the details of how it performs its task.

As abstract data types where they provide a way for a program to specify a process, without providing the details of how it performs its task.

What is an abstract data type?

A data structure, in the form of a record, but which includes subprograms that manipulate its data. (correct)

A way to specify a process, without providing the details of how it performs its task.

A set of operations for manipulating objects of a type.

A type definition that allows program units to declare variables of the type and shows the representation of objects of the type.

What is an object in the context of abstract data types?

An instance of an abstract data type. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the characteristics of a user-defined abstract data type?

Hiding the representation of objects of the type and only allowing operations provided in the type's definition. Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using abstract data types?

Program units that use a specific abstract data type are called clients of that type. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the operations provided in an abstract data type's definition?

To manipulate objects of the type. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental component of object-oriented programming?

Data abstraction. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of using getters and setters?

To provide read-only access to the data Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept of hiding the implementation details of a class from the client?

Information Hiding Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a destructor in C++?

To print the values of an object's data members Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the function that initializes an object in C++?

Constructor Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using accessors in a program?

To include constraints in the data member Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the concept of bundling data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit?

Encapsulation Signup and view all the answers

How can a setter method be used to enforce constraints on a data member?

By including a constraint in the setter method Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using getters and setters in a program?

To provide a way to change the data structure without affecting the client side Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abstraction

Abstraction is a view or representation of an entity that includes only the most significant attributes.
There are two fundamental kinds of abstraction: process abstraction and data abstraction.
Process abstraction: specifies a process without providing the details of how it performs its task, similar to subprograms.

Data Abstraction

An abstract data type is a data structure, in the form of a record, that includes subprograms that manipulate its data.
An object is an instance of an abstract data type.
Data abstraction is a fundamental component of object-oriented programming.

Characteristics of User-Defined Abstract Data Types

A type definition that allows program units to declare variables of the type but hides the representation of objects of the type.
A set of operations for manipulating objects of the type.

Benefits of Data Abstraction

Reliability
Reduction of code range and number of variables
Less likelihood of name conflicts
Change of data structure without affecting the client side

Getters and Setters

Accessors allow clients indirect access to hidden data.
Benefits of accessors include read-only access, constraints, and ability to change implementation without affecting clients.

Language Examples - C++

Encapsulation: includes data members and member functions in a C++ class.
Information Hiding: uses private, public, and protected access specifiers.
Constructors and Destructors:
- Constructors have the same name as the class and are used to initialize objects.
- Constructors can be overloaded with unique parameter profiles.
- Destructors are used for debugging and deallocation, and have a name preceded by a tilde (~).