Absorption in Small and Large Intestine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the low pH of gastric juice in the stomach?

  • Presence of lipids
  • Formation of HCl (correct)
  • Release of bile
  • Salivary amylase activity

    • Where is bile secreted to assist in emulsifying fats?

  • Pancreas
  • Gall bladder (correct)
  • Stomach lumen
  • Cecum

    • Which organ produces digestive enzymes released into the duodenum?

  • Stomach
  • Colon
  • Appendix (correct)
  • Pancreas

    • Where does absorption primarily occur in the small intestine?

    <p>Villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorbing nutrients from feces?

    <p>Colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of salivary amylase?

    <p>Break down carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

    <p>Salivary amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme breaks peptide bonds and cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides in the stomach?

    <p>Pepsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions separately?

    <p>Parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ can stretch to accommodate about 2 litres of food and fluid?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sphincter regulates chyme entry into the small intestine?

    <p>Pyloric Sphincters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does chyme from the stomach mix with digestive juices from various organs?

    <p>Duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of zymogens or pro-enzymes in the human digestive system?

    <p>Are dormant enzyme precursors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ in the human body produces bile?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the liver besides bile production?

    <p>Breaks down hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most of the absorption of carbohydrates and amino acids take place in the small intestine?

    <p>Jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to undigested food after it passes through the ileum of the small intestine?

    <p>Sent to the colon via peristaltic movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine absorbs bile salts and vitamins into the bloodstream?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released in the stomach to stimulate the production of gastric juices?

    <p>Gastrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred direct energy source in cells?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient cannot be digested by humans?

    <p>Fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different types of amino acids are required for adequate protein formation?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food sources provide all 20 amino acids required for protein formation?

    <p>Meat, milk, and eggs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is essential for the storage and activity of fat-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the gall bladder to contract so that bile can be released into the duodenum?

    <p>Cholecystokinin (CCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers the pancreas to secrete HCO3 ions into the duodenum for neutralizing chyme?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of gastrin in digestion?

    <p>Production of gastric juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits peristalsis and secretion of gastric juices when chyme is rich in fats?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are hormones in relation to digestion?

    <p>Chemical signals that travel in the bloodstream to affect target organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When high levels of which hormones are released, they inhibit stomach contractions?

    <p>Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical digestion helps to increase the surface area of food for faster absorption.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All animals are either carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Absorption is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough to be absorbed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammals can have different types of teeth including incisors, molars, and canines.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heterotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ingestion is the act of absorbing nutrients by the digestive tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lingual lipase is primarily secreted in the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hydrochloric acid in the stomach activates pepsinogen into pepsin.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mucus secreted by mucous cells in the stomach protects the lining from hydrochloric acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in that order.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder before entering the small intestine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stomach walls are primarily made up of non-elastic material to prevent overstretching.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced in the stomach to help break down carbohydrates.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the ileum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver and pancreas are parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pH of gastric juice in the stomach is about 2 due to the formation of HCl in the stomach lumen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gall bladder secretes bile in the duodenum to emulsify (mechanical digestion) fat and assist in chemical digestion of lipids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Absorption primarily occurs in the large intestine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meats have more carbohydrates than fruits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibers cannot be digested but combine with bile acids and cholesterol, preventing cholesterol absorption.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals can act as enzymes in the body, aiding in metabolism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates usually contain a substance that the body cannot break down called fiber.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteins are more abundant in meats than in fruits.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Essential nutrients must be acquired from the diet.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver and pancreas are considered essential organs in the regulation of digestion by specific hormones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gastrin plays a role in the production of gastric juice and growth of gastric mucosa.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chyme is a basic mixture of partially digested food that passes from the stomach to the duodenum.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secretin triggers the pancreas to secrete HCO3 ions into the duodenum to neutralize chyme.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High levels of secretin and CCK released inhibit peristalsis and secretion of gastric juices, thereby accelerating digestion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin and glucagon are involved in glucose homeostasis in humans.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main stages of food processing are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and ______

    <p>elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical digestion starts in the mouth with the help of ______

    <p>teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammals can have 4 types (shapes) of teeth: incisors, canine, premolars, and ______

    <p>molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food. Therefore, it needs to get nutrition from other sources of organic carbon. In other words, it needs to feed from another ______

    <p>organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In general, animals fall into three categories: Carnivores, Herbivores, and ______

    <p>omnivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Absorption is the uptake of nutrients by the digestive ______

    <p>tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chyme is an acidic mixture of partially digested food that eventually passes from the stomach to the ______

    <p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secretin triggers the pancreas to secrete HCO3 ions into the ______ to neutralize chyme

    <p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When high levels of secretin and CCK are released, they inhibit stomach ______ and secretion of gastric juices

    <p>contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulin and glucagon are involved in ______ homeostasis in humans

    <p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glucose homeostasis is maintained by the release of specific hormones like ______ and CCK

    <p>secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gall bladder contracts to release bile into the ______ via the bile duct

    <p>duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fats are usually ______ at room temperature

    <p>solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Too many calories from any source contributes to body ______

    <p>fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are often seen in people who are ______

    <p>obese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antioxidants like Vitamins C, E, and A defend the body against free ______

    <p>radicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Essential nutrients that must be obtained from food are called ______

    <p>minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and ______-soluble

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and ______

    <p>water-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Essential nutrients must be acquired from ______

    <p>diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibers are undigestible but combine with bile acids and cholesterol, preventing cholesterol from being absorbed. Fibers cannot be ______

    <p>digested</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meats have more ______ than fruits

    <p>protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minerals help in the formation of body structures. They can also act as co-factors of enzymes, helping in ______

    <p>metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibers cannot be digested but combine with bile acids and cholesterol, preventing cholesterol ______ absorbed

    <p>from</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammals only have two sets of teeth during its life: deciduous teeth (milk/baby teeth) and permanent teeth (adult teeth). Interesting fact, many animals only have one shape of teeth. Mammalian Dentition includes both _________ and ________.

    <p>premolars, molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incisors are sharp and blade-like for tearing and grinding food. These teeth help in mechanical digestion by breaking food into smaller particles through _________.

    <p>chewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Organs specialized for sequential stages of food processing form the mammalian digestive system. The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) undergoes ________ to move food along.

    <p>peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammalian accessory organs include the Tongue, Salivary Glands, Pancreas, and Liver with Gall Bladder. The Tongue helps shape food into a bolus and provides help with swallowing. Salivary Glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity. The Pancreas secretes enzymes into the duodenum (small intestine). The Liver produces bile, and the gall bladder stores and secretes it into the duodenum. The _______ glands deliver saliva to lubricate food.

    <p>salivary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Teeth play a crucial role in mechanical digestion by breaking down food into smaller particles. Salivary glands deliver saliva to lubricate food. These processes aid in the initial stages of digestion in the ________ cavity.

    <p>oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mechanical digestion involves processes like chewing, which breaks down food into smaller particles. Peristalsis, the rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscles, helps move food through the ________ tract.

    <p>gastrointestinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

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