Absorption in Small and Large Intestine Quiz

What is the main reason for the low pH of gastric juice in the stomach?

Where is bile secreted to assist in emulsifying fats?

Which organ produces digestive enzymes released into the duodenum?

Where does absorption primarily occur in the small intestine?

Which part of the gastrointestinal tract is responsible for absorbing nutrients from feces?

What is the function of salivary amylase?

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates in the mouth?

What enzyme breaks peptide bonds and cleaves proteins into smaller polypeptides in the stomach?

Which cells in the stomach secrete hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions separately?

What organ can stretch to accommodate about 2 litres of food and fluid?

Which sphincter regulates chyme entry into the small intestine?

Where does chyme from the stomach mix with digestive juices from various organs?

What is the role of zymogens or pro-enzymes in the human digestive system?

Which organ in the human body produces bile?

What is one of the functions of the liver besides bile production?

Where does most of the absorption of carbohydrates and amino acids take place in the small intestine?

What happens to undigested food after it passes through the ileum of the small intestine?

Which part of the small intestine absorbs bile salts and vitamins into the bloodstream?

Which hormone is released in the stomach to stimulate the production of gastric juices?

What is the preferred direct energy source in cells?

Which nutrient cannot be digested by humans?

How many different types of amino acids are required for adequate protein formation?

Which food sources provide all 20 amino acids required for protein formation?

Which nutrient is essential for the storage and activity of fat-soluble vitamins?

What triggers the gall bladder to contract so that bile can be released into the duodenum?

Which hormone triggers the pancreas to secrete HCO3 ions into the duodenum for neutralizing chyme?

What is the main function of gastrin in digestion?

Which hormone inhibits peristalsis and secretion of gastric juices when chyme is rich in fats?

What are hormones in relation to digestion?

When high levels of which hormones are released, they inhibit stomach contractions?

Mechanical digestion helps to increase the surface area of food for faster absorption.

All animals are either carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.

Absorption is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough to be absorbed.

Mammals can have different types of teeth including incisors, molars, and canines.

Heterotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food.

Ingestion is the act of absorbing nutrients by the digestive tract.

Lingual lipase is primarily secreted in the stomach.

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach activates pepsinogen into pepsin.

Mucus secreted by mucous cells in the stomach protects the lining from hydrochloric acid.

The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in that order.

Chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder before entering the small intestine.

The stomach walls are primarily made up of non-elastic material to prevent overstretching.

Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced in the stomach to help break down carbohydrates.

The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that are released into the ileum.

The liver and pancreas are parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

The pH of gastric juice in the stomach is about 2 due to the formation of HCl in the stomach lumen.

Gall bladder secretes bile in the duodenum to emulsify (mechanical digestion) fat and assist in chemical digestion of lipids.

Absorption primarily occurs in the large intestine.

Meats have more carbohydrates than fruits.

Fibers cannot be digested but combine with bile acids and cholesterol, preventing cholesterol absorption.

Minerals can act as enzymes in the body, aiding in metabolism.

Carbohydrates usually contain a substance that the body cannot break down called fiber.

Proteins are more abundant in meats than in fruits.

Essential nutrients must be acquired from the diet.

The liver and pancreas are considered essential organs in the regulation of digestion by specific hormones.

Gastrin plays a role in the production of gastric juice and growth of gastric mucosa.

Chyme is a basic mixture of partially digested food that passes from the stomach to the duodenum.

Secretin triggers the pancreas to secrete HCO3 ions into the duodenum to neutralize chyme.

High levels of secretin and CCK released inhibit peristalsis and secretion of gastric juices, thereby accelerating digestion.

Insulin and glucagon are involved in glucose homeostasis in humans.

The main stages of food processing are ingestion, digestion, absorption, and ______

Mechanical digestion starts in the mouth with the help of ______

Mammals can have 4 types (shapes) of teeth: incisors, canine, premolars, and ______

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food. Therefore, it needs to get nutrition from other sources of organic carbon. In other words, it needs to feed from another ______

In general, animals fall into three categories: Carnivores, Herbivores, and ______

Absorption is the uptake of nutrients by the digestive ______

Chyme is an acidic mixture of partially digested food that eventually passes from the stomach to the ______

Secretin triggers the pancreas to secrete HCO3 ions into the ______ to neutralize chyme

When high levels of secretin and CCK are released, they inhibit stomach ______ and secretion of gastric juices

Insulin and glucagon are involved in ______ homeostasis in humans

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by the release of specific hormones like ______ and CCK

The gall bladder contracts to release bile into the ______ via the bile duct

Saturated fats are usually ______ at room temperature

Too many calories from any source contributes to body ______

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are often seen in people who are ______

Antioxidants like Vitamins C, E, and A defend the body against free ______

Essential nutrients that must be obtained from food are called ______

Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and ______-soluble

Vitamins come in two categories: fat-soluble and ______

Essential nutrients must be acquired from ______

Fibers are undigestible but combine with bile acids and cholesterol, preventing cholesterol from being absorbed. Fibers cannot be ______

Meats have more ______ than fruits

Minerals help in the formation of body structures. They can also act as co-factors of enzymes, helping in ______

Fibers cannot be digested but combine with bile acids and cholesterol, preventing cholesterol ______ absorbed

Mammals only have two sets of teeth during its life: deciduous teeth (milk/baby teeth) and permanent teeth (adult teeth). Interesting fact, many animals only have one shape of teeth. Mammalian Dentition includes both _________ and ________.

Incisors are sharp and blade-like for tearing and grinding food. These teeth help in mechanical digestion by breaking food into smaller particles through _________.

Organs specialized for sequential stages of food processing form the mammalian digestive system. The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) undergoes ________ to move food along.

Mammalian accessory organs include the Tongue, Salivary Glands, Pancreas, and Liver with Gall Bladder. The Tongue helps shape food into a bolus and provides help with swallowing. Salivary Glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity. The Pancreas secretes enzymes into the duodenum (small intestine). The Liver produces bile, and the gall bladder stores and secretes it into the duodenum. The _______ glands deliver saliva to lubricate food.

Teeth play a crucial role in mechanical digestion by breaking down food into smaller particles. Salivary glands deliver saliva to lubricate food. These processes aid in the initial stages of digestion in the ________ cavity.

Mechanical digestion involves processes like chewing, which breaks down food into smaller particles. Peristalsis, the rhythmic contractions of skeletal muscles, helps move food through the ________ tract.