Protein and Fat Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine

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What is the role of saliva in the digestive system?

To aid in the absorption of water, electrolytes, and vitamins

To secrete acid and enzymes into the lumen

To assist in mixing and propulsion of food in the stomach

To produce a prompt and abundant flow of watery saliva rich in enzymes (correct)

Which process involves the entrance of nutrients into the epithelial lining of the digestive tract?

Defecation

Secretion

Absorption (correct)

Ingestion

What is the impact of the sympathetic nervous system on saliva production?

Increases the production of acid in saliva

Produces thick saliva with a smaller volume that is rich in mucus (correct)

Increases the flow of watery saliva rich in enzymes

Enhances propulsion of food in the digestive tract

Which process involves the cells within the walls and accessory organs secreting water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen?

Secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intestinal juice in digestion and absorption?

To assist in the breakdown of nutrients through enzymatic action Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal function of parasympathetic stimulation on salivary glands?

Promotes secretion of a serous watery saliva rich in enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is not one of the principal glands of salivation?

Buccal gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the main enzyme present in the serous secretion of saliva?

Ptyalin Signup and view all the answers

What causes the electrical negativity in salivary ducts?

Reabsorption of Cl- actively Signup and view all the answers

What keeps the total volume of saliva relatively constant despite impermeability to water?

Secretion of HCO3- by passive exchange with Cl- Signup and view all the answers

What are the final properties of saliva at rest as described in the text?

Hypotonic and slightly alkaline Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of low plasma Ca2+ levels on absorption in the small intestine?

Stimulate absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vitamins are absorbed through passive diffusion and specific transport (Na+ -dependent) in the small intestine?

Water-soluble vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the production of Vitamin D3 in the skin?

Sunlight exposure Signup and view all the answers

In the large intestine, what stimulates the absorption of Na+?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

Which factor may contribute to the formation of flatus (gas) as a byproduct?

Bacterial metabolism Signup and view all the answers

What happens to undigested carbohydrate byproducts in the large intestine?

Metabolized by colonic bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Where does most of the digestion of fat occur in the gastrointestinal system?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes are responsible for the digestion of dipeptides and tripeptides in enterocytes?

Brush border enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main site where most absorption of water and electrolytes occurs?

Jejunum Signup and view all the answers

How are bile salts primarily absorbed in the gastrointestinal system?

Terminal ileum Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for maintaining low intracellular Na+ and negative membrane potential in the intestinal cells?

Basolateral Na+-K+ pump Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the gastrointestinal system is sodium absorption coupled with chloride?

Distal ileum Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein responsible for transporting iron in the blood?

Transferrin Signup and view all the answers

Protein and Fat Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine

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