Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for the uptake of nutrients in the small intestine?
Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for the uptake of nutrients in the small intestine?
- Enterocyte (correct)
- Hepatocyte
- Lacteal
- Chylomicron
Via which transport mechanism do molecules initially enter the enterocyte from the intestinal lumen?
Via which transport mechanism do molecules initially enter the enterocyte from the intestinal lumen?
- Crossing the basolateral membrane
- Entering the extracellular space
- Crossing the apical membrane (correct)
- Via the venous portal system
What is the primary destination of absorbed carbohydrate and protein molecules after they enter the capillaries in the villi?
What is the primary destination of absorbed carbohydrate and protein molecules after they enter the capillaries in the villi?
- The thoracic duct
- The liver (correct)
- The lacteals
- The cisterna chyli
Which of the following processes requires ATP during nutrient absorption in the transcellular pathway?
Which of the following processes requires ATP during nutrient absorption in the transcellular pathway?
Where do lipids go immediately after absorption in the lacteals?
Where do lipids go immediately after absorption in the lacteals?
What is the role of the basolateral sodium-potassium ATPase pumps in the absorption of carbohydrates?
What is the role of the basolateral sodium-potassium ATPase pumps in the absorption of carbohydrates?
Which transporter is responsible for the uptake of dipeptides and tripeptides into the enterocyte?
Which transporter is responsible for the uptake of dipeptides and tripeptides into the enterocyte?
What is the ultimate fate of undigested carbohydrates like cellulose?
What is the ultimate fate of undigested carbohydrates like cellulose?
Which of the following is NOT a function of enterocytes in nutrient absorption?
Which of the following is NOT a function of enterocytes in nutrient absorption?
How do smaller lipid molecules initially cross the apical membrane of the enterocyte?
How do smaller lipid molecules initially cross the apical membrane of the enterocyte?
What is the function of GLUT-2 in carbohydrate absorption?
What is the function of GLUT-2 in carbohydrate absorption?
Which of the following is a characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins' absorption in the small intestine?
Which of the following is a characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins' absorption in the small intestine?
Where does the mechanical breakdown of food begin that aids in nutrient absorption?
Where does the mechanical breakdown of food begin that aids in nutrient absorption?
How do single amino acids cross the basolateral membrane to enter the extracellular space during protein absorption?
How do single amino acids cross the basolateral membrane to enter the extracellular space during protein absorption?
What is the significance of chylomicrons in fat absorption?
What is the significance of chylomicrons in fat absorption?
Water soluble vitamins (B and C) are absorbed via specific carrier-mediated pathways, however, this is a simplification. Which of the following impacts the degree to which the vitamin can be absorbed?
Water soluble vitamins (B and C) are absorbed via specific carrier-mediated pathways, however, this is a simplification. Which of the following impacts the degree to which the vitamin can be absorbed?
Which of the following is a key difference between the absorption pathways of carbohydrates and fats?
Which of the following is a key difference between the absorption pathways of carbohydrates and fats?
In what order do the following events occur during fat absorption?
- Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
- Fatty acids traverse the basolateral membrane
- Lipids enter the intestinal lymphatic system
- Smaller lipid molecules separate from the micelle
In what order do the following events occur during fat absorption?
- Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
- Fatty acids traverse the basolateral membrane
- Lipids enter the intestinal lymphatic system
- Smaller lipid molecules separate from the micelle
A researcher is investigating the effect of a novel drug on nutrient absorption in the small intestine. They observe that the drug significantly reduces the uptake of glucose but has no effect on the absorption of fructose or amino acids. Based on this observation, which specific transporter is most likely inhibited by the drug?
A researcher is investigating the effect of a novel drug on nutrient absorption in the small intestine. They observe that the drug significantly reduces the uptake of glucose but has no effect on the absorption of fructose or amino acids. Based on this observation, which specific transporter is most likely inhibited by the drug?
A patient presents with a rare genetic disorder affecting the function of enterocytes. The disorder specifically impairs the ability of these cells to produce ATP. Which of the following nutrient absorption processes would be most directly affected in this patient?
A patient presents with a rare genetic disorder affecting the function of enterocytes. The disorder specifically impairs the ability of these cells to produce ATP. Which of the following nutrient absorption processes would be most directly affected in this patient?
Flashcards
Absorption de nutrientes
Absorption de nutrientes
Le processo post le decomposition de carbohydratos, proteinas, grassias, vitaminas e minerales.
Enterocytos
Enterocytos
Cellulas que compone le epithelio del intestino tenue, responsabile pro acceptar nutrientes, iones, aqua e vitaminas.
Via transcellular
Via transcellular
Moleculas move se trans le cellulas, desde le lumine intestinal al enterocyto e postea al spatio extracellular.
Systema portal venose
Systema portal venose
Signup and view all the flashcards
Absorption de carbohydratos
Absorption de carbohydratos
Signup and view all the flashcards
SGLT-1
SGLT-1
Signup and view all the flashcards
GLUT-5
GLUT-5
Signup and view all the flashcards
GLUT-2
GLUT-2
Signup and view all the flashcards
Absorption de proteinas
Absorption de proteinas
Signup and view all the flashcards
PepT1
PepT1
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vitamines liposolubile
Vitamines liposolubile
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vitamines hydrosolubile
Vitamines hydrosolubile
Signup and view all the flashcards
Absorption de grassia
Absorption de grassia
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chylomicronos
Chylomicronos
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Absorptione de nutrientes
- Le absorption de nutrientes es le processo post le discomposition de carbohydrate, proteinas, grassias,vitaminas e minerales.
- Enterocytes, le cellulas in le epithelio del intestino tenue, participa directemente in le assimilation de nutrientes, iones, aqua e vitaminas.
- Le absorption de nutrientes occurre via le via transcellular.
Via Transcellular
- Es le principal modo de absorption de nutrientes.
- Molecules move se ab le lumine intestinal al enterocyte via le membrana apical.
- Intra le cellula, le molecules crucia le membrana basolateral e entra le spacio extracellular.
- Le processo require ATP.
- Transportatores enterocytic apical e basolateral facilita le processo.
Systema Portal Venose
- Carbohydrates e proteinas absorbite entra le capillares in le villos.
- Iste capillares transporta le molecules al venas del systema portal venose.
- Le molecules es transportate al hepate.
- Hepatocytes continua le transformation e distribue nutrientes al corpore.
- Lipidos e vitaminas liposolubile entra le lacteales.
- Post le absorption in le lacteales, le lipidos entra le systema lymphatic intestinal e converge in le cisterna chyli e postea le ducto thoracic.
- Le ducto thoracic drena in le venas.
Absorption de Carbohydrates
- Comencia in le cavitate oral con le discomposition mechanic de alimento.
- Transporto transcellular de molecules simple de carbohydrate (glucose, fructose e galactose).
Transportatores Apical Enterocytic
- Sodium-Glucose Transportator 1 (SGLT-1): le bombas de ATPase de sodium-potassium basolateral crea un gradiente de concentration de sodium a transverso le membrana apical enterocytic
- Iste gradiente impelle le symportatores SGLT-1.
- Transporta glucose o galactose in le enterocyte juncto con 2 iones de sodium (transporto active secundari).
- Glucose Transportator 5 (GLUT-5):
- Ha un alte affinitate pro le fructose.
- Permitte le entrata passive in le cellula via diffusion facilitate.
- Transportator de membrana basolateral
- Glucose Transportator 2 (GLUT-2):
- Usa diffusion facilitate pro transportar glucose, galactose e fructose ab le corpore del enterocyte al spacio interstitial.
- Carbohydrates indigeste como cellulose resta in le colon e subisce fermentation per bacterios colonic.
Absorption de Proteinas
- Occurre in le jejuno e ileo proxime.
Transportator de Peptides 1 (PepT1)
- Transporta dipeptidasas e tripeptidas in le cytoplasm del enterocyte.
- Transporta un oligopeptide juncto con un ione de hydrogeno.
- Intra le enterocyte, lysosomes digere plus avant oligopeptides in aminoacidos libere, le quales crucia le membrana basolateral in le interstitio.
Transportatores ligate a sodium
- Transporta aminoacidos in le enterocyte.
- Diffusion facilitate in transportatores ligate a sodium.
- Ab le cytoplasm, aminoacidos singule crucia le membrana basolateral pro entrar le spacio extracellular.
Absorption de Grassias
- Micre molecules de lipido se separa del micelle, cruciante le membrana apical via diffusion simple.
- Ab le cytoplasm del enterocyte, acidos grasse traverse le membrana basolateral e entra le systema portal venose.
- Monoglycerides se assembla in le reticulo endoplasmic del enterocyte pro crear triglycerides.
- Istos crea structuras appellate chylomicrons.
- Chylomicrons viagia al superficie basolateral, se destaca foras e entra le lacteales.
Absorption de Vitaminas
- Vitaminas A, D, E e K es liposolubile: in le intestino tenue, vitaminas liposolubile se misce con micelles e crucia le membrana apical via diffusion simple. Postquam illos es intra le enterocyte, illos se integra con chylomicrons e entra le circulation systemic ab illac.
- Vitaminas hydrosolubile include thiamine (B1), riboflavina (B2), niacina (B3), acido pantothenic (B5), pyridoxina (B6), biotina (B7), acido folic (B9), cobalamina (B12) e acido ascorbic (C). Vitaminas hydrosolubile non simplemente traverse membranas cellular sed es absorbite in le tracto digestive via vias specific mediate per portatores. Post distribution, illos es usate per le textiles pro lor necessitates metabolic.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
