Absolutism vs
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Questions and Answers

According to relativism, what do good, bad, right, and wrong depend on?

  • The individual's personal beliefs
  • The situation, culture, or views of the community (correct)
  • An ultimate, objective set of values
  • The teachings of key philosophers

    • According to cultural relativism, what are moral rules considered as?

  • Expressions of universal truth
  • Inventions of right and wrong
  • Impositions of a dominant culture
  • Socially approved habits (correct)

    • What does an absolutist believe about morality?

  • Morality is absolute and universal (correct)
  • Morality is based on cultural codes and traditions
  • Morality is an individual's personal choice
  • Morality is subjective and varies between cultures

    • What is the main weakness of absolutism, as discussed in the text?

    <p>It lacks flexibility and does not account for diverse situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might monotheists be described as ethical absolutists?

    <p>They adhere to a set of absolute moral principles dictated by a single deity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Plato, what did he believe really existed in some way, beyond our normal perceptions of the world?

    <p>Forms or ideas, which were the true reality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an absolutist mean when they say something is good?

    <p>Good, bad, right and wrong relate to real, independent and absolute values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief of absolute morality?

    <p>There is a right course of action that is true for all time, in all places and for all situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief of relative morality?

    <p>The right course of action depends on the circumstances, culture, or the individual situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Protagoras, where is goodness located?

    <p>In relation to the individual; it is subjective or relative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Key Concepts in Ethics

    • Relativism posits that concepts of good, bad, right, and wrong are dependent on cultural, societal, or individual contexts rather than universal standards.
    • Cultural relativism views moral rules as constructs shaped by societies rather than objective truths, emphasizing diversity in moral perspectives.

    Absolutism vs. Relativism

    • Absolutists believe in universal moral truths that apply to all individuals, regardless of context or circumstance.
    • A main weakness of absolutism is its failure to accommodate cultural differences, which can lead to rigidity and potentially unjust conclusions.

    Ethical Perspectives

    • Monotheists might be seen as ethical absolutists because they often derive moral standards from divine commandments considered universally applicable.
    • Plato theorized the existence of transcendent Forms or Ideas, suggesting that ultimate truths and moral realities exist in a realm beyond ordinary perception.

    Definitions of Moral Terms

    • When absolutists declare something is good, they imply its inherent quality that is universally applicable and not subject to personal or cultural interpretation.
    • Absolute morality reflects the belief in objective moral standards that are fixed and unchanging, while relative morality contends that moral judgments are influenced by situational factors and cultural contexts.

    Philosophical Views on Goodness

    • According to Protagoras, goodness is situated within human perception, suggesting that individual perspectives shape moral understanding and that “man is the measure of all things.”

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on absolutism and relativism with this quiz! Explore the meanings of these theories, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and understand the types of morality associated with them. Determine which theory is most likely and least likely to always be wrong.

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