Absolute and Gage Pressure Measurement
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Absolute and Gage Pressure Measurement

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Questions and Answers

What is the viscosity of water at 40°C?

  • 4.1 × 10^2 lbs/ft
  • 1.5 × 10^(-3) Ns/m^2
  • 9.8 × 10 lbs ft^-2
  • 6.5 × 10^(-4) Ns/m^2 (correct)

    • What is the viscosity of water at 5°C?

  • 9.8 × 10 lbs ft^-2
  • 4.1 × 10^2 lbs/ft
  • 1.5 × 10^(-3) Ns/m^2 (correct)
  • 6.5 × 10^(-4) Ns/m^2

    • What is the viscosity of glycerine at 20°C?

  • 9.8 × 10 lbs ft^-2 (correct)
  • 1.5 × 10^(-3) Ns/m^2
  • 4.1 × 10^2 lbs/ft
  • 6.5 × 10^(-4) Ns/m^2

    • What is the viscosity of water at 150°F?

    <p>4.1 × 10^2 lbs/ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the viscosity of glycerine at 110°F?

    <p>1.5 mN s/m^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reference pressure for measurements involving pressure in a fluid?

    <p>Atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between pressure and elevation in a fluid?

    <p>Pressure decreases with increasing elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pressure is measured relative to the atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Gauge pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dynamic viscosity symbolized as?

    <p>Eta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a fluid has the same velocity as the boundary surface, what fundamental condition is said to exist?

    <p>Zero shear stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the symbol 'τ' represent in fluid mechanics?

    <p>Shear stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Δv' represent in the equation for dynamic viscosity?

    <p>Velocity gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a fluid with a specific gravity of 0.876 has a volume of 0.917 m3, what is its density in SI units?

    <p>876 kg/m^3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for dynamic (absolute) viscosity?

    <p>(kg / m^2 s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fluid mechanics, what does 'Δy' represent in the equation for shear stress?

    <p>Shear rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the distance between two surfaces is small, what condition exists regarding the rate of change of velocity with position 'y'?

    <p>Linear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to convert gage pressure to absolute pressure?

    <p>pabs = pgage + patm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the local atmospheric pressure is 97 kPa, and the gage pressure is 148 kPa, what is the absolute pressure?

    <p>245 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a pressure of 225 kPa abs be expressed as a gage pressure if the local atmospheric pressure is 99 kPa abs?

    <p>Pgage= 126 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the absolute pressure if the gage pressure is 180 kPa and the local atmospheric pressure is 101.5 kPa?

    <p>281.5 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Express an absolute pressure of 95.6 kPa as a gage pressure if the local atmospheric pressure is 100.3 kPa.

    <p>Pgage= -4.7 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the gage pressure is 198 kPa and the local atmospheric pressure is 96.8 kPa, what is the absolute pressure?

    <p>294.8 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the gage pressure if the absolute pressure is 87.3 kPa and the local atmospheric pressure is 99.1 kPa?

    <p>-11.8 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the gage pressure is 172 kPa and the local atmospheric pressure is 102.7 kPa, what is the absolute pressure?

    <p>-270.7 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a well-type manometer, what happens to the fluid levels when pressure is applied?

    <p>The fluid level in the well drops and the level in the right leg rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scale alongside the tube in a well-type manometer allow for?

    <p>Measuring the deflection directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an inclined well-type manometer differ from a regular well-type manometer?

    <p>The scale is placed along the inclined tube for greater sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pressure gage provide for situations where only a visual indication is needed?

    <p>Direct measurement of pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation pA = p4 pA = p1 + γm ⋅ 0.25m − γw ⋅ 0.40m, what does γm represent?

    <p>Fluid density at point A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the letter θ represent in relation to an inclined well-type manometer?

    <p>Angle of inclination of the tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a pressure is applied to a well-type manometer, what is placed alongside the tube to measure deflection directly?

    <p>A scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the pressure at point A using the given information and the formulas provided.

    <p>132.8 kN/m^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of the fluid in the manometer?

    <p>13.54</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pressure difference (Δp) between points 3 and 4 in the manometer?

    <p>9.81 kN/m^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dynamic viscosity symbolized as in fluid mechanics?

    <p>τ (tau)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for dynamic (absolute) viscosity?

    <p>kN/m^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental condition is said to exist if a fluid has the same velocity as the boundary surface?

    <p>No-slip condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scale alongside the tube in a well-type manometer allow for?

    <p>Measuring deflection directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the letter θ represent in relation to an inclined well-type manometer?

    <p>Inclination angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to convert gage pressure to absolute pressure?

    <p>Absolute pressure = Gage pressure + Atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define density and provide the formula to calculate it.

    <p>Density is the amount of mass per unit volume of a substance. The formula to calculate density is $\rho = \frac{m}{V}$, where $m$ is the mass and $V$ is the volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of specific gravity and provide the formula to calculate it.

    <p>Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water at 4°C. The formula to calculate specific gravity is $sg = \frac{\rho_s}{\rho_w @ 4°C}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate specific weight? Explain the components of the formula.

    <p>The formula to calculate specific weight is $\gamma = \frac{w}{V}$, where $w$ is the weight and $V$ is the volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between weight (w) and mass (m)? Provide the formula to express this relationship.

    <p>The relationship between weight (w) and mass (m) is expressed by the formula $w = m \cdot g$, where $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the concept of compressibility in fluid properties.

    <p>Compressibility refers to the change in volume of a fluid with a change in pressure. It is expressed by the formula $E - \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta V} = \frac{\Delta V}{V}$.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the specific gravity of a substance if its density is 800 kg/m^3 and the density of water at 4°C is 1000 kg/m^3.

    <p>Specific gravity = $\frac{\rho_s}{\rho_w @ 4°C} = \frac{800}{1000} = 0.8$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the volume of a substance is 2 m^3 and its weight is 1500 N, calculate its specific weight.

    <p>Specific weight = $\frac{w}{V} = \frac{1500}{2} = 750 N/m^3$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the density of a substance if its mass is 120 kg and its volume is 0.6 m^3.

    <p>Density = $\frac{m}{V} = \frac{120}{0.6} = 200 kg/m^3$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the change in pressure in a homogeneous liquid at rest due to a change in elevation?

    <p>Δp = γh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'elevation' refer to in the context of pressure and measurement?

    <p>The vertical distance from some reference level to a point of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is elevation measured in relation to pressure and measurement?

    <p>Elevation will always be measured positively in the upward direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the change in water pressure from the surface to a depth of 5 meters?

    <p>Δp = 49.05 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calculate the change in water pressure from the surface to a depth of 15 feet.

    <p>Difficult answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'specific weight of the liquid' represent in the formula for calculating pressure change due to elevation?

    <p>w/V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental condition is said to exist when a fluid has the same velocity as the boundary surface?

    <p>No shear stress exists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for dynamic (absolute) viscosity?

    <p>Pascal-second (Pa·s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When you dive to a depth of 12.5 ft in seawater, what is the pressure?

    <p>p=5.56 psig</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For the tank shown in the figure, what is the reading of the bottom pressure gage in psi if the top of the tank is vented to the atmosphere and the depth of the oil h is 28.5 ft?

    <p>p=11.73 psig</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hydraulic system for a vehicle lift, if the pressure at point A must be at least 180 psig, what must the air pressure be?

    <p>The air pressure must be at least 180 psig</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equation is used to calculate the pressure when the specific weight and depth are given?

    <p>p = γh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the relationship between pressure and elevation in a fluid.

    <p>A decrease in elevation causes an increase in pressure, while an increase in elevation causes a decrease in pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental condition for the air pressure in the reservoir to ensure a pressure of at least 180 psig at point A in the hydraulic system?

    <p>The air pressure in the reservoir must be at least 180 psig.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of pressure is measured relative to the atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Gage pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit for dynamic (absolute) viscosity?

    <p>Pascal-second (Pa·s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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