Abnormal Child Psychology

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What is a common difficulty children with math disability face when counting?

Counting from right to left (correct)

Counting only in whole numbers

Counting from left to right

Counting only in fractions

What is the primary goal of mediated or assisted instruction?

To provide a formal set of rules for the child to follow

To encourage the child to derive their own way of solving problems (correct)

To provide a series of prompts for the child to complete

To use a script to guide the child's learning

What is a strategy that children may use to solve addition problems, such as 7 + 4?

Decomposition strategy

Counting-all strategy (correct)

Counting-on strategy

Direct retrieval strategy

What is the primary dependence of addition in children's math skills?

Counting abilities Signup and view all the answers

How does the teacher provide assistance in mediated or assisted instruction?

By offering increasingly detailed hints until the child is successful Signup and view all the answers

What is a common error that children with math disability might not detect when counting?

Double-counting the first object Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between direct instruction and mediated or assisted instruction?

Direct instruction involves using a script, while mediated or assisted instruction does not Signup and view all the answers

What do children eventually learn to store in long-term memory with experience in math?

Math facts Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Step E in direct instruction?

To introduce a new problem for the child to solve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of self-instruction?

To practice following a series of steps Signup and view all the answers

What is a strategy that older children use to add numbers, such as 7 + 4?

Counting-on strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is a principle that children with math disability often struggle with?

Order irrelevance Signup and view all the answers

How does the teacher support the child in mediated or assisted instruction?

By offering increasingly detailed hints until the child is successful Signup and view all the answers

What is a process that children might use to solve the problem 7 + 6, besides direct retrieval?

Decomposition strategy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the teacher in directed instruction?

To read the problem with the child and provide steps to follow Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mediated or assisted instruction and self-instruction?

Mediated or assisted instruction involves tailored support, while self-instruction involves a standardized approach Signup and view all the answers

Why do the diagnostic criteria for ADHD seem inapplicable to adolescents and adults?

Because they were developed for young children Signup and view all the answers

What is a common way that college students with ADHD might manifest inattention?

Daydreaming during lectures Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the number of symptoms required for a diagnosis of ADHD in older adolescents and adults compared to children?

Five symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Why does DSM-5 require fewer symptoms for older adolescents and adults to be diagnosed with ADHD?

Because adults with ADHD often endorse fewer symptoms than children with ADHD Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of adults with persistent problems with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity fall short of the six-symptom criterion established for children?

50% Signup and view all the answers

What is a way that clinicians can consult to determine how symptoms of ADHD might manifest across development?

By consulting tables, such as Table 8.2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a common way that children with ADHD might manifest hyperactive-impulsive symptoms?

By blurting out answers Signup and view all the answers

Why might the mother of the girl mentioned in the passage be skeptical about the possibility of her daughter having ADHD?

Because her daughter is very quiet and well-behaved Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characterized by a frequent failure to give close attention to details?

Fails to give close attention to details Signup and view all the answers

What indicates difficulty organizing tasks and activities?

Has difficulty managing sequential tasks Signup and view all the answers

What symptom involves often not seeming to listen when spoken to directly?

Mind seems elsewhere Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a symptom where one avoids tasks requiring sustained mental effort?

Avoiding schoolwork or homework Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom might include overlooking or missing details, resulting in inaccurate work?

Failing to give close attention Signup and view all the answers

What does frequently losing things necessary for tasks indicate?

Loses things necessary for tasks Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is exemplified by being easily distracted by unrelated thoughts?

Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is indicated by being forgetful in daily tasks like returning calls or paying bills?

Forgets daily activities Signup and view all the answers