Podcast
Questions and Answers
What's the treatment for Peau-D'Orange (inflammatory) breast CA?
What's the treatment for Peau-D'Orange (inflammatory) breast CA?
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery + radio
What's the surgery for Peau-D'Orange breast CA?
What's the surgery for Peau-D'Orange breast CA?
Modified radical mastectomy
What's the best tumor marker for each subtype of ovarian CA? (Select all that apply)
What's the best tumor marker for each subtype of ovarian CA? (Select all that apply)
- Alfa-feto for yolk sac (correct)
- CA-125 for epithelial (correct)
- B-hCG for embryonal cells (correct)
- CA-15-3 for all subtypes
Other than radial scar, what can have architectural distortion and spiculated mass?
Other than radial scar, what can have architectural distortion and spiculated mass?
Match the pathology report with the lesion:
Match the pathology report with the lesion:
What are the contraindications for stereotactic breast biopsy?
What are the contraindications for stereotactic breast biopsy?
What are the 1st and 2nd most common gynecological surgeries in the US?
What are the 1st and 2nd most common gynecological surgeries in the US?
What are the best antibiotics for mastitis? (Select all that apply)
What are the best antibiotics for mastitis? (Select all that apply)
In a patient with family history of breast CA who presents with unilateral bloody breast discharge, what's the most likely diagnosis?
In a patient with family history of breast CA who presents with unilateral bloody breast discharge, what's the most likely diagnosis?
When is the sentinel lymph node biopsy indicated for breast CA?
When is the sentinel lymph node biopsy indicated for breast CA?
What is the treatment for male breast CA?
What is the treatment for male breast CA?
In patients who will undergo radiation for breast CA, is it better to have autologous reconstructive surgery or implants?
In patients who will undergo radiation for breast CA, is it better to have autologous reconstructive surgery or implants?
Are most of the breast fat necrosis cases after trauma or idiopathic?
Are most of the breast fat necrosis cases after trauma or idiopathic?
In terms of medical treatment, what should you link to breast CA ER/PR+?
In terms of medical treatment, what should you link to breast CA ER/PR+?
What type of breast CA benefits from neoadjuvant chemo?
What type of breast CA benefits from neoadjuvant chemo?
Cite 3 genes associated with skin melanoma.
Cite 3 genes associated with skin melanoma.
How many positive sentinel lymph nodes are necessary to make an axillary dissection happen for T1-2 breast CA?
How many positive sentinel lymph nodes are necessary to make an axillary dissection happen for T1-2 breast CA?
If a patient undergoes breast reconstruction before a 6-month gap from radiation, what's the best option?
If a patient undergoes breast reconstruction before a 6-month gap from radiation, what's the best option?
What's the most common non-obstetric surgery in pregnant women?
What's the most common non-obstetric surgery in pregnant women?
What's the resection margin for phyllodes tumor, DCIS, and invasive ductal CA?
What's the resection margin for phyllodes tumor, DCIS, and invasive ductal CA?
What adjuvant therapy should triple negative breast CA have?
What adjuvant therapy should triple negative breast CA have?
What's the treatment for gynecomastia?
What's the treatment for gynecomastia?
If NSAIDs fail in the treatment of mastodynia, what's the next step?
If NSAIDs fail in the treatment of mastodynia, what's the next step?
How much is radial scar associated with cancer?
How much is radial scar associated with cancer?
What's the next step if core needle biopsy is positive for radial scar?
What's the next step if core needle biopsy is positive for radial scar?
What's the treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease?
What's the treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease?
In which trimester is appendicitis more frequent in pregnancy?
In which trimester is appendicitis more frequent in pregnancy?
How high is the risk of fetal loss in uncomplicated appendicitis?
How high is the risk of fetal loss in uncomplicated appendicitis?
What about preterm labor in the same situation?
What about preterm labor in the same situation?
Is the result of atypical cells in cytology from serous fluid from cyst aspiration concerning for cancer?
Is the result of atypical cells in cytology from serous fluid from cyst aspiration concerning for cancer?
Will premenopausal patients with BRCA2 gene mutation have risk reduction after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy?
Will premenopausal patients with BRCA2 gene mutation have risk reduction after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy?
If you're concerned about recurrent spontaneous bloody nipple discharge, what should be ordered first?
If you're concerned about recurrent spontaneous bloody nipple discharge, what should be ordered first?
In axillary dissection, match the boundaries:
In axillary dissection, match the boundaries:
When should screening mammography start?
When should screening mammography start?
If 6 months after mastectomy with breast reconstruction the patient doesn't like the cosmetic results in a focal area, what's the best option?
If 6 months after mastectomy with breast reconstruction the patient doesn't like the cosmetic results in a focal area, what's the best option?
In a patient suspected of having endometriosis with negative ultrasound, what's the next step?
In a patient suspected of having endometriosis with negative ultrasound, what's the next step?
Which of these lesions are pre-malignant and which have higher risk of associated cancer?
Which of these lesions are pre-malignant and which have higher risk of associated cancer?
Is DCIS or LCIS more associated with bilateral lesions?
Is DCIS or LCIS more associated with bilateral lesions?
If you find LCIS in one breast, do you have to biopsy the other one?
If you find LCIS in one breast, do you have to biopsy the other one?
In vulvar SCC, what's the size cutoff to determine wide local excision versus radical vulvectomy?
In vulvar SCC, what's the size cutoff to determine wide local excision versus radical vulvectomy?
High levels of which marker are a bad prognosis for breast CA?
High levels of which marker are a bad prognosis for breast CA?
What's the most common primary malignancy to metastasize to the lungs?
What's the most common primary malignancy to metastasize to the lungs?
In patients who need sentinel node biopsy but had reduction mammoplasty in the past, should you still do the node biopsy?
In patients who need sentinel node biopsy but had reduction mammoplasty in the past, should you still do the node biopsy?
What's the incidence of breast CA in females and males?
What's the incidence of breast CA in females and males?
Injury to which nerve causes winged scapula?
Injury to which nerve causes winged scapula?
What kind of breast mass has biopsy with a single-file pattern?
What kind of breast mass has biopsy with a single-file pattern?
What's the best treatment for Stewart-Treves syndrome?
What's the best treatment for Stewart-Treves syndrome?
If left untreated what's the most likely outcome of breastfeeding mastitis with abscess?
If left untreated what's the most likely outcome of breastfeeding mastitis with abscess?
Beyond which score should patients be offered adjuvant chemotherapy in breast CA?
Beyond which score should patients be offered adjuvant chemotherapy in breast CA?
What's the etiology of Mondor's disease?
What's the etiology of Mondor's disease?
What's the most likely cause of mastitis in the breastfeeding patient?
What's the most likely cause of mastitis in the breastfeeding patient?
What determines a DCIS to be high, intermediate, or low grade?
What determines a DCIS to be high, intermediate, or low grade?
If you're operating on invasive ductal CA and find DCIS in the specimen, what should be the clear margin?
If you're operating on invasive ductal CA and find DCIS in the specimen, what should be the clear margin?
What are the factors on the Gail model?
What are the factors on the Gail model?
What is the pathology report of breast Paget's disease?
What is the pathology report of breast Paget's disease?
Which substance is safe to use in pregnancy?
Which substance is safe to use in pregnancy?
What's the origin of Stewart-Treves tumor?
What's the origin of Stewart-Treves tumor?
Is BRCA more associated with ALH, ADH, or LCIS?
Is BRCA more associated with ALH, ADH, or LCIS?
Which of these is positive for E-Cadherin?
Which of these is positive for E-Cadherin?
Flashcards
What is Peau-D'Orange breast cancer?
What is Peau-D'Orange breast cancer?
A type of breast cancer characterized by a thick, pitted appearance similar to orange peel.
What is a modified radical mastectomy?
What is a modified radical mastectomy?
A surgical procedure that removes the entire breast, the underlying pectoral muscle, and some axillary lymph nodes.
What is a sentinel lymph node biopsy?
What is a sentinel lymph node biopsy?
A biopsy to evaluate the sentinel lymph node, the first node in the lymphatic system that receives lymph from the tumor.
What is CA-125?
What is CA-125?
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What is B-hCG?
What is B-hCG?
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What is alpha-fetoprotein?
What is alpha-fetoprotein?
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What is a radial scar?
What is a radial scar?
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What is fat necrosis?
What is fat necrosis?
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What is a fibroadenoma?
What is a fibroadenoma?
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What is a duct fistula?
What is a duct fistula?
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What is liposuction?
What is liposuction?
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What is gynecomastia?
What is gynecomastia?
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What is invasive lobular carcinoma?
What is invasive lobular carcinoma?
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What is high-grade DCIS?
What is high-grade DCIS?
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What is atypical lobular hyperplasia?
What is atypical lobular hyperplasia?
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What are selective estrogen modulators?
What are selective estrogen modulators?
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What is the most common type of cancer that metastasizes to the lungs?
What is the most common type of cancer that metastasizes to the lungs?
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What is the effect of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy on cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers?
What is the effect of bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy on cancer risk in BRCA2 mutation carriers?
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When should screening mammography start?
When should screening mammography start?
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What is winged scapula?
What is winged scapula?
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What antibiotics are commonly used for mastitis?
What antibiotics are commonly used for mastitis?
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What is lobular carcinoma in situ?
What is lobular carcinoma in situ?
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What is the axilla?
What is the axilla?
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What is the risk of cancer associated with a radial scar?
What is the risk of cancer associated with a radial scar?
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What is a safe substance during pregnancy?
What is a safe substance during pregnancy?
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What is the main reason for hysterectomy in the US?
What is the main reason for hysterectomy in the US?
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What are the boundaries of the axilla?
What are the boundaries of the axilla?
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What is Paget's disease of the breast?
What is Paget's disease of the breast?
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Study Notes
Breast Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
- Peau-D'Orange breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation.
- Modified radical mastectomy indicated for Peau-D'Orange breast cancer.
- Sentinel lymph node biopsy indicated in invasive breast cancer without axillary evaluation and certain DCIS conditions.
Tumor Markers in Ovarian Cancer
- Key tumor markers include CA-125 for epithelial, B-hCG for embryonal cells, and alpha-fetoprotein for yolk sac tumors.
Imaging and Lesion Characteristics
- Architectural distortion and spiculated masses can also be due to fat necrosis or carcinoma.
- Radial scar noticeable by central radiolucent appearance on mammogram.
Pathology and Lesions
- Pathology associated with specific lesions: abundant stroma and epithelial content indicate fibroadenoma; necrotic mass with ducts suggest radial scar; lipid-laden macrophages signify fat necrosis.
- Radial scar associated with approximately 25% risk of cancer.
Surgical Procedures and Recommendations
- Most common gynecological surgeries in the U.S. are cesarean section followed by hysterectomy, primarily due to fibroids.
- Optimal treatment for gynecomastia involves liposuction along with tissue resection.
Antibiotic Treatment
- Best antibiotics for mastitis are dicloxacillin or cephalexin; alternatives for resistant S.aureus include clindamycin or Bactrim.
Genetic Considerations in Cancer Risk
- Pre-menopausal patients with BRCA2 mutations have a reduced risk for both breast and ovarian cancer post-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Additional Surgical Details
- In axillary dissection, boundaries include structures like the axillary vein (superior), serratus anterior (medial), latissimus dorsi (lateral), the tail of the breast (inferior), and subscapularis (posterior).
Screening and Follow-Up
- Screening mammography should begin at age 40.
- High-grade DCIS assessed by mitotic index, while pure DCIS requires clear margins with no ink on tumor.
Incidence and Demographics
- Breast cancer incidence is 12% in females and 0.1% in males.
- Colon cancer is the most common primary malignancy that metastasizes to the lungs.
Other Conditions and Treatment Considerations
- Selective estrogen modulators are next after NSAIDs for mastodynia treatment failure.
- Atypical lobular hyperplasia does not classify as pre-malignant, but carries a high risk for associated cancer.
- DCIS linked to a higher risk of bilateral lesions compared to lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS).
Specific Tumor Types and Histology
- Long thoracic nerve injury causes winged scapula affecting serratus anterior muscle.
- Invasive lobular carcinoma characterized by a single-file pattern on biopsy.
Other Relevant Points
- Slower resolution of untreated breastfeeding mastitis may lead to duct fistula formation.
- Safe pregnancy substance includes radiolabeled sulfur colloid.
- Pathological report of Paget's disease shows large pale-staining epithelial cells mixed with normal keratinocytes.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on the treatment and surgical procedures for breast cancer, particularly Peau-D'Orange. Additionally, evaluate your understanding of tumor markers for different subtypes of ovarian cancer. Perfect for medical students and professionals in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.
