Questions and Answers
What indicates acidosis in ABGs?
What indicates alkalosis in ABGs?
What does fully compensated mean?
When abnormalities in both systems occur and the pH is normal.
What is the key to compensation?
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What is partial compensation?
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What are the pH values for compensated acidosis?
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What are the pH values for compensated alkalosis?
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What does partially compensated metabolic alkalosis involve?
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What does partially compensated metabolic acidosis involve?
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What does partially compensated respiratory alkalosis involve?
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What does partially compensated respiratory acidosis involve?
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In uncompensated states, pH is out of range.
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What does mixed acid-base disorder mean?
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When do respiratory and metabolic acidosis co-exist?
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When do respiratory and metabolic alkalosis co-exist?
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Will you ever see respiratory alkalosis and respiratory acidosis?
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Study Notes
Compensated pH in ABGs
- pH < 7.35 indicates acidosis.
- pH > 7.45 indicates alkalosis.
- A normal pH of 7.35-7.45 signifies compensation.
- Uncompensated states feature pH < 7.35 or > 7.45.
Fully Compensated Definition
- Fully compensated occurs when both systems show abnormalities but the pH remains normal.
- CO2 and HCO3 levels are both out of range, either elevated or decreased.
Fully Compensated ABG pH Values
- pH between 7.35 and 7.39 indicates compensated acidosis.
- pH between 7.40 and 7.45 indicates compensated alkalosis.
Key to Compensation
- A normal pH value is essential to confirm compensation.
Partial Compensation Definition
- In partial compensation, both systems show abnormalities, resulting in an abnormal pH.
- CO2 and HCO3 levels are not within the normal range.
Partially Compensated Metabolic Alkalosis
- Characterized by high pH, high CO2, and high HCO3 levels.
Partially Compensated Metabolic Acidosis
- Characterized by low pH, low CO2, and low HCO3 levels.
Partially Compensated Respiratory Alkalosis
- Characterized by high pH, low CO2, and low HCO3 levels.
Partially Compensated Respiratory Acidosis
- Characterized by low pH, high CO2, and high HCO3 levels.
Uncompensated States
- pH is out of range with either CO2 or HCO3 being abnormal, but not both.
Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
- Involve multiple disorders affecting ABG values.
- Expected compensation may not occur or may be inadequate/extreme.
- pCO2 and HCO3 levels show opposing abnormal readings.
Co-existence of Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis
- Occurs when pCO2 is elevated and HCO3 is reduced.
Co-existence of Respiratory and Metabolic Alkalosis
- Occurs when pCO2 is reduced and HCO3 is elevated.
Respiratory Alkalosis and Respiratory Acidosis
- These two conditions cannot co-exist in a patient.
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Description
Test your understanding of compensated and uncompensated pH levels in arterial blood gases (ABGs). This quiz covers key definitions and concepts regarding acidosis and alkalosis, helping you distinguish between the different states of pH compensation. Perfect for students in medical or health-related fields.
