ABG Interpretation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Renal failure

Prolonged vomiting (correct)

Lactic acidosis

High PaCO2 levels

In ABG results with pH=7.21, what would strongly indicate the need for intervention?

High PaCO2 levels (correct)

High PaO2 levels

Low HCO3 levels

Normal pH levels

What is the primary goal of acid-base homeostasis?

Maintain a balanced pH (correct)

Maintain low pH levels

Maintain high PaCO2 levels

Maintain electrolyte balance

Which system is primarily responsible for buffering fixed alkaline?

Renal system Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary chemical event in respiratory acidosis?

Increase in blood CO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely interpretation of a blood gas with low PaCO2, low HCO3-, and an alkaline pH?

Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system assists in acid excretion?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory value is typically disregarded when calculating the anion gap?

K+ Signup and view all the answers

How should a blood gas with a pH of 7.10, PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 15 mEq/L be interpreted?

Metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

How much should PaO2 increase for every 10% rise in FiO2?

$5$ mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of oxygen in the air mixture is delivered to the patient indicated by FiO2?

$0.21$ Signup and view all the answers

What does PEEP aim to prevent in diagnosed ARDS?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

What does 'DRG' stand for?

Dorsal Respiratory groups Signup and view all the answers

In the context of perfusion, what happens when the V/Q ratio goes to infinity?

Increase in dead space Signup and view all the answers

What happens to V/Q ratio when blood flow is low with respect to ventilation?

V/Q increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the lungs during a pulmonary embolism?

V is normal but Q is low Signup and view all the answers

Which factor compensates for Shunt in the lungs?

Increase in arterial O2, decrease in PaO2 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to alveolar CO2 levels to compensate for Dead space?

Decrease, decrease PACO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?

0-8 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What does a FiO2 = 1.00 indicate?

100% oxygen concentration Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for Base Excess (BE) in mEq/L?

-2 to +2 mEq/L Signup and view all the answers

What does properly set PEEP level prevent?

Alveoli collapsing at the end of expiration Signup and view all the answers

In which condition would a patient develop metabolic alkalosis?

Excessive sodium bicarbonate intake Signup and view all the answers

What does PCWP > 25 mm Hg indicate?

Pulmonary edema Signup and view all the answers

In which condition would you expect the patient to have a pH of 7.62, PCO2 of 32 mm Hg, and HCO3– of 29 mEq/L?

Metabolic alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected BE range in acute respiratory acidosis?

+2 to -2 mEq/L Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary acid-base disorder in a patient with a pH of 7.01, PCO2 of 71 mm Hg, and HCO3– of 16.3 mEq/L?

Metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of providing oxygen therapy in conditions like V/Q mismatch, diffusion effects, and general hypoventilation?

To increase PaO2 levels Signup and view all the answers

Which position is most recommended for a patient in the immediate postsurgical period to improve PaO2?

Upright position Signup and view all the answers

What level of PaO2/FIO2 ratio is indicative of ARDS?

<200 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Acid-Base Balance and Respiratory Care

Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by various factors, including excessive vomiting, diuretic use, and ingestion of base.
A pH level of 7.21 in an ABG result indicates a strong need for intervention.
The primary goal of acid-base homeostasis is to maintain a stable pH level between 7.35 and 7.45.
The kidnery system is primarily responsible for buffering fixed alkaline.
In respiratory acidosis, the primary chemical event is the retention of carbon dioxide.
A blood gas result with low PaCO2, low HCO3-, and an alkaline pH likely indicates respiratory alkalosis.
The kidney system assists in acid excretion.
Chloride value is typically disregarded when calculating the anion gap.
A blood gas result with a pH of 7.10, PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 15 mEq/L indicates respiratory acidosis.
PaO2 increases by 80-100 mmHg for every 10% rise in FiO2.
FiO2 indicates the percentage of oxygen in the air mixture delivered to the patient.
PEEP aims to prevent atelectasis in diagnosed ARDS.

Perfusion and Ventilation

When the V/Q ratio goes to infinity, perfusion is zero, indicating no blood flow to the lung region.
When blood flow is low with respect to ventilation, the V/Q ratio decreases.
During a pulmonary embolism, the lungs are unable to oxygenate blood due to a blockage in the pulmonary artery.
An increase in ventilation compensates for Shunt in the lungs.
To compensate for Dead space, alveolar CO2 levels decrease.

Additional Key Facts

The normal range for Central Venous Pressure (CVP) is 2-6 mmHg.
A FiO2 of 1.00 indicates 100% oxygen delivered to the patient.
The normal range for Base Excess (BE) is -2 to 2 mEq/L.
Properly set PEEP level prevents atelectasis.
Vomiting can lead to metabolic alkalosis.
A PCWP > 25 mm Hg indicates cardiac failure.
A pH of 7.62, PCO2 of 32 mm Hg, and HCO3– of 29 mEq/L are indicative of metabolic alkalosis.
The expected BE range in acute respiratory acidosis is -2 to -5 mEq/L.
The primary acid-base disorder in a patient with a pH of 7.01, PCO2 of 71 mm Hg, and HCO3– of 16.3 mEq/L is respiratory acidosis.
Oxygen therapy is provided in conditions like V/Q mismatch, diffusion effects, and general hypoventilation to increase PaO2.
The semi-Fowler's position is most recommended for a patient in the immediate postsurgical period to improve PaO2.
A PaO2/FIO2 ratio of < 200 mmHg is indicative of ARDS.

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Description

Test your knowledge on interpreting arterial blood gas (ABG) results with this quiz. Questions cover pH levels, PCO2, HCO3–, and acid-base diagnoses. Learn about normal range for base excess (BE) and its variations in different acid-base disorders.