ABG Interpretation and Normal Ranges

Normal Ranges

• Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths per minute
• Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): ≥94%
• Heart Rate (HR): 60-100 beats per minute
• Blood Pressure (BP): 120/80 mmHg
• Body Temperature: 37°C

Pulmonary Function Tests

• Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): ≥80%
• FEV1/FVC ratio: >0.7

Blood Gas Analysis

• pH: 7.35-7.45
• Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2): 80-100 mmHg
• Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2): 35-45 mmHg
• Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-26 mmol/L
• Base Excess (BE): -2 to +2 mmol/L

Acid-Base Balance

• Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases
• Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases
• Respiratory Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases, HCO3 decreases
• Metabolic Acidosis: pH decreases, HCO3 decreases
• Respiratory Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases, HCO3 increases
• Metabolic Alkalosis: pH increases, HCO3 increases

Blood Results

• Hemoglobin (Hb): 13-17 g/dL (Men), 12-15 g/dL (Women)
• White Cell Count (WCC): 4-11 x 10^9/L

ECG Interpretation

• P wave: atrial depolarization
• QRS complex: ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization
• T wave: ventricular repolarization
• PR interval: atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

Spirometry

• Flow-Volume Graph: measures lung function
• Volume-Time Graph: measures lung function

Inflammation Marker

• C-Reactive Protein (CRP): elevated in inflammation

Normal Ranges

• Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths per minute
• Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): ≥94%
• Heart Rate (HR): 60-100 beats per minute
• Blood Pressure (BP): 120/80 mmHg
• Body Temperature: 37°C

Pulmonary Function Tests

• Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): ≥80%
• FEV1/FVC ratio: >0.7

Blood Gas Analysis

• pH: 7.35-7.45
• Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2): 80-100 mmHg
• Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2): 35-45 mmHg
• Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-26 mmol/L
• Base Excess (BE): -2 to +2 mmol/L

Acid-Base Balance

• Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases
• Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases
• Respiratory Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases, HCO3 decreases
• Metabolic Acidosis: pH decreases, HCO3 decreases
• Respiratory Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases, HCO3 increases
• Metabolic Alkalosis: pH increases, HCO3 increases

Blood Results

• Hemoglobin (Hb): 13-17 g/dL (Men), 12-15 g/dL (Women)
• White Cell Count (WCC): 4-11 x 10^9/L

ECG Interpretation

• P wave: atrial depolarization
• QRS complex: ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization
• T wave: ventricular repolarization
• PR interval: atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization

Spirometry

• Flow-Volume Graph: measures lung function
• Volume-Time Graph: measures lung function

Inflammation Marker

• C-Reactive Protein (CRP): elevated in inflammation

This quiz covers the normal values of various physiological parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and blood gas results. It also includes the interpretation of arterial blood gas (ABG) results.