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Questions and Answers
What is the normal range for PaO2 in mmHg?
What is the normal range for PaO2 in mmHg?
- 80-100 (correct)
- 60-80
- 100-120
- 120-140
What is the normal range for FEV1/FVC ratio?
What is the normal range for FEV1/FVC ratio?
- <0.5
- 0.5-0.7
- >0.7 (correct)
- 0.7-1.0
What is the normal range for Hb in men?
What is the normal range for Hb in men?
- 17-20
- 20-25
- 10-13
- 13-17 (correct)
What is the normal range for BP?
What is the normal range for BP?
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What is the normal range for pH?
What is the normal range for pH?
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What is the normal range for RR?
What is the normal range for RR?
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What is the normal range for SpO2?
What is the normal range for SpO2?
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Which of the following would indicate alkalosis?
Which of the following would indicate alkalosis?
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What is the normal range for HCO3 in mmol/L?
What is the normal range for HCO3 in mmol/L?
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Which part of the ECG wave represents ventricular repolarisation?
Which part of the ECG wave represents ventricular repolarisation?
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What is the normal range for WCC in /L?
What is the normal range for WCC in /L?
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What type of disorder is indicated by a reduced FEV1?
What type of disorder is indicated by a reduced FEV1?
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Study Notes
Normal Ranges
- Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths per minute
- Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): ≥94%
- Heart Rate (HR): 60-100 beats per minute
- Blood Pressure (BP): 120/80 mmHg
- Body Temperature: 37°C
Pulmonary Function Tests
- Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): ≥80%
- FEV1/FVC ratio: >0.7
Blood Gas Analysis
- pH: 7.35-7.45
- Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2): 80-100 mmHg
- Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2): 35-45 mmHg
- Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-26 mmol/L
- Base Excess (BE): -2 to +2 mmol/L
Acid-Base Balance
- Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases
- Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases
- Respiratory Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases, HCO3 decreases
- Metabolic Acidosis: pH decreases, HCO3 decreases
- Respiratory Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases, HCO3 increases
- Metabolic Alkalosis: pH increases, HCO3 increases
Blood Results
- Hemoglobin (Hb): 13-17 g/dL (Men), 12-15 g/dL (Women)
- White Cell Count (WCC): 4-11 x 10^9/L
ECG Interpretation
- P wave: atrial depolarization
- QRS complex: ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization
- T wave: ventricular repolarization
- PR interval: atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
Spirometry
- Flow-Volume Graph: measures lung function
- Volume-Time Graph: measures lung function
Inflammation Marker
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): elevated in inflammation
Normal Ranges
- Respiratory Rate (RR): 12-20 breaths per minute
- Oxygen Saturation (SpO2): ≥94%
- Heart Rate (HR): 60-100 beats per minute
- Blood Pressure (BP): 120/80 mmHg
- Body Temperature: 37°C
Pulmonary Function Tests
- Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and Forced Vital Capacity (FVC): ≥80%
- FEV1/FVC ratio: >0.7
Blood Gas Analysis
- pH: 7.35-7.45
- Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2): 80-100 mmHg
- Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2): 35-45 mmHg
- Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-26 mmol/L
- Base Excess (BE): -2 to +2 mmol/L
Acid-Base Balance
- Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases
- Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases
- Respiratory Acidosis: pH decreases, PCO2 increases, HCO3 decreases
- Metabolic Acidosis: pH decreases, HCO3 decreases
- Respiratory Alkalosis: pH increases, PCO2 decreases, HCO3 increases
- Metabolic Alkalosis: pH increases, HCO3 increases
Blood Results
- Hemoglobin (Hb): 13-17 g/dL (Men), 12-15 g/dL (Women)
- White Cell Count (WCC): 4-11 x 10^9/L
ECG Interpretation
- P wave: atrial depolarization
- QRS complex: ventricular depolarization, atrial repolarization
- T wave: ventricular repolarization
- PR interval: atrial depolarization to ventricular depolarization
Spirometry
- Flow-Volume Graph: measures lung function
- Volume-Time Graph: measures lung function
Inflammation Marker
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): elevated in inflammation
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