Abdominal Trauma Lab Tests
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Questions and Answers

Which type of trauma consists of open wounds, lacerations, eviscerations, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds?

  • Penetrating traumas (correct)
  • Hollow Organ Injuries
  • Surface Findings of trauma
  • Solid Organ Injuries

    • What is a common injury associated with trauma to the abdomen?

  • Fractured pelvis
  • Rib fracture (correct)
  • Spinal injury
  • Contusion or Seatbelt Abrasion across Lower Abd

    • Which of the following organs is considered a solid organ?

  • Urinary bladder
  • Liver (correct)
  • Stomach
  • Intestines

    • What can happen if there is content spilling into the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible sign of arterial damage in intraabdominal injuries?

    <p>Bruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury can result in hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Mesenteric artery tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of diaphragm rupture in intraabdominal injuries?

    <p>Presence of bowel sounds in the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injuries are often associated with seat belts pressing intestines and pancreas into the spinal column?

    <p>(MVA) Contusion or Seatbelt Abrasion across Lower Abd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of injuries can occur in hollow organs of the abdomen?

    <p>Stomach or intestine rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of hemorrhage in abdominal injuries?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which laboratory tests are commonly performed in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Baseline CBC and urinalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why the patient will have normal hemoglobin and hematocrit in abdominal trauma, even when bleeding?

    <p>Fluids are lost at the same rate as the red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can blood in the urine indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Kidney or bladder damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic methods are commonly used in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Abdominal CT scan and focused abdominal ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can diagnostic peritoneal lavage detect in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Blood, bile, intestinal contents, and urine in the peritoneal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of blunt trauma?

    <p>Penetrating traumas, knife</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment finding is NOT associated with hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Altered level of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some surface findings of trauma mentioned in the text?

    <p>Abrasions or ecchymoses on abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trauma is characterized by a knife injury?

    <p>Penetrating traumas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can blood in the peritoneal cavity indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Internal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention for abdominal trauma?

    <p>Removing clothing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>To obtain urine for urinalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a part of the abdominal trauma treatment?

    <p>Assessing LOC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of volume expanders in the treatment of hypotensive patients with abdominal trauma?

    <p>To expand blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended diagnostic method for abdominal trauma?

    <p>Assessing abc's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can blood in the peritoneal cavity indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Hollow organ injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of blunt trauma?

    <p>Open wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if there is content spilling into the peritoneal cavity in cases of abdominal trauma?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following criteria is NOT used to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Presence of vegetable fibers, feces, and bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for RBC count to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Greater than 100,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for WBC count to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Greater than 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Greater than 100,000 RBC's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage based on Gram stain?

    <p>Bacteria positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substances indicate a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Vegetable fibers, feces, and bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for alkaline phosphatase to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Greater than 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the threshold for amylase to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

    <p>Greater than 175</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage based on lab results?

    <p>Greater than 100,000 RBC's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

    <p>Ketosis and metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when ketone bodies are excreted in the urine?

    <p>Ketonuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pH balance in the body during ketosis?

    <p>It becomes more acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

    <p>Excessive protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secondary source of fuel when glucose cannot be properly used for energy in diabetes?

    <p>Lipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive ketones in the blood cause in diabetes?

    <p>Ketosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blood glucose level in diabetes due to insulin deficiency?

    <p>It increases further</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of glucagon in diabetes management?

    <p>To treat hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrolytes during the process of ketonuria in diabetes?

    <p>They are excreted in the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of insulin deficiency on protein degradation in diabetes?

    <p>Excessive protein degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of diabetes is DKA most likely to occur?

    <p>Type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions may DKA be seen in people with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>During periods of severe illness or stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some precipitating factors for DKA?

    <p>Lack of education or resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the diabetes management instructions for blood glucose?

    <p>Monitor your blood glucose at home and record results in a log</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do when it pertains to taking insulin?

    <p>Take insulin as prescribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do when it pertains to insulin and sickness?

    <p>Take insulin consistently, especially when sick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do to ensure an adequate supply of insulin?

    <p>Keep an adequate supply of insulin on hand at all times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should a patient obtain an A1C blood test?

    <p>Every 3-6 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient be aware of when it comes to blood glucose?

    <p>Symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

    <p>Increase in urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Faintness, dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hyperglycemia?

    <p>Poor absorption of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Too little or no diabetes medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

    <p>Weakness, fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Unsteady gait, slurred speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hyperglycemia?

    <p>Inactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Too much exercise without adequate food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

    <p>Progression to DKA or HHS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Hunger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Use of β-adrenergic blockers interfering with recognition of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for hyperglycemia?

    <p>Check blood glucose frequently and check urine for ketones; record results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for hypoglycemia according to the 'rule of 15'?

    <p>Have patient eat or drink 15 g of quick-acting carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient do if symptoms of hypoglycemia do not subside after 2 or 3 doses of quick-acting carbohydrate?

    <p>Contact healthcare provider or emergency service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for hyperglycemia?

    <p>Get medical care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of giving the patient additional food of carbohydrate plus protein or fat in the treatment of hypoglycemia?

    <p>To provide additional energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeframe for repeating the treatment of 15 g of carbohydrate if blood glucose is still <70 mg/dL in hypoglycemia?

    <p>After 15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the patient do if the next meal is more than 1 hour away or they are engaged in physical activity after stabilizing the glucose level in hypoglycemia?

    <p>Eat or drink quick-acting carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if symptoms of hypoglycemia do not subside after 2 or 3 doses of quick-acting carbohydrate?

    <p>Contact healthcare provider or emergency service</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of checking blood glucose frequently in the treatment of hyperglycemia?

    <p>To monitor the effectiveness of diabetes medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?

    <p>Gradual onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of HHS?

    <p>Presence of infection or illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is more likely to develop HHS?

    <p>Older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main problems associated with HHS?

    <p>Dehydration and hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for HHS?

    <p>Fluid administration and insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of HHS on blood pH?

    <p>Normal blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assessment finding is more likely to be present in HHS compared to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Mental status changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended IV fluid for HHS treatment?

    <p>0.9% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of administering IV potassium in HHS?

    <p>To treat hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should glucose be monitored in HHS?

    <p>Every 15 minutes to 1 hour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Presence of ketones and acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of DKA?

    <p>Lack of insulin in the body or illness/infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of DKA?

    <p>Fruity breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for DKA?

    <p>Fluids, electrolyte replacement, and insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored closely when administering insulin in DKA treatment?

    <p>Potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of NaHCO3 (bicarbonate) in DKA treatment?

    <p>To correct severe acidosis (pH &lt;7.0)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for DKA?

    <p>Ensure patent airway and administer oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended rate for continuous regular insulin drip in DKA treatment?

    <p>0.1U/kg/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended test to diagnose fluid or electrolyte imbalance in DKA?

    <p>Osmolality test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be added to IV fluid in the treatment of hypoglycemia?

    <p>Dextrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

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