Abdominal Trauma Lab Tests

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Which type of trauma consists of open wounds, lacerations, eviscerations, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds?

Penetrating traumas (correct)

Hollow Organ Injuries

Surface Findings of trauma

Solid Organ Injuries

What is a common injury associated with trauma to the abdomen?

Fractured pelvis

Rib fracture (correct)

Spinal injury

Contusion or Seatbelt Abrasion across Lower Abd

Which of the following organs is considered a solid organ?

Urinary bladder

Liver (correct)

Stomach

Intestines

What can happen if there is content spilling into the peritoneal cavity?

Peritonitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible sign of arterial damage in intraabdominal injuries?

Bruits Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury can result in hypovolemic shock?

Mesenteric artery tears Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of diaphragm rupture in intraabdominal injuries?

Presence of bowel sounds in the chest Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injuries are often associated with seat belts pressing intestines and pancreas into the spinal column?

(MVA) Contusion or Seatbelt Abrasion across Lower Abd Signup and view all the answers

What type of injuries can occur in hollow organs of the abdomen?

Stomach or intestine rupture Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of hemorrhage in abdominal injuries?

Hypovolemic shock Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory tests are commonly performed in cases of abdominal trauma?

Baseline CBC and urinalysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why the patient will have normal hemoglobin and hematocrit in abdominal trauma, even when bleeding?

Fluids are lost at the same rate as the red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What can blood in the urine indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

Kidney or bladder damage Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic methods are commonly used in cases of abdominal trauma?

Abdominal CT scan and focused abdominal ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What can diagnostic peritoneal lavage detect in cases of abdominal trauma?

Blood, bile, intestinal contents, and urine in the peritoneal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of blunt trauma?

Penetrating traumas, knife Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is NOT associated with hypovolemic shock?

Altered level of consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What are some surface findings of trauma mentioned in the text?

Abrasions or ecchymoses on abdominal wall Signup and view all the answers

What type of trauma is characterized by a knife injury?

Penetrating traumas Signup and view all the answers

What can blood in the peritoneal cavity indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

Internal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention for abdominal trauma?

Removing clothing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in cases of abdominal trauma?

To obtain urine for urinalysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the abdominal trauma treatment?

Assessing LOC Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of volume expanders in the treatment of hypotensive patients with abdominal trauma?

To expand blood volume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended diagnostic method for abdominal trauma?

Assessing abc's Signup and view all the answers

What can blood in the peritoneal cavity indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

Hollow organ injury Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of blunt trauma?

Open wounds Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if there is content spilling into the peritoneal cavity in cases of abdominal trauma?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria is NOT used to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Presence of vegetable fibers, feces, and bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for RBC count to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Greater than 100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for WBC count to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Greater than 500 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Greater than 100,000 RBC's Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage based on Gram stain?

Bacteria positive Signup and view all the answers

What substances indicate a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Vegetable fibers, feces, and bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for alkaline phosphatase to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Greater than 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold for amylase to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Greater than 175 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage based on lab results?

Greater than 100,000 RBC's Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

Ketosis and metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when ketone bodies are excreted in the urine?

Ketonuria Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH balance in the body during ketosis?

It becomes more acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

Excessive protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary source of fuel when glucose cannot be properly used for energy in diabetes?

Lipid Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive ketones in the blood cause in diabetes?

Ketosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood glucose level in diabetes due to insulin deficiency?

It increases further Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of glucagon in diabetes management?

To treat hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrolytes during the process of ketonuria in diabetes?

They are excreted in the urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of insulin deficiency on protein degradation in diabetes?

Excessive protein degradation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Dehydration Signup and view all the answers

In which type of diabetes is DKA most likely to occur?

Type 1 diabetes Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions may DKA be seen in people with type 2 diabetes?

During periods of severe illness or stress Signup and view all the answers

What are some precipitating factors for DKA?

Lack of education or resources Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the diabetes management instructions for blood glucose?

Monitor your blood glucose at home and record results in a log Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do when it pertains to taking insulin?

Take insulin as prescribed Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do when it pertains to insulin and sickness?

Take insulin consistently, especially when sick Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do to ensure an adequate supply of insulin?

Keep an adequate supply of insulin on hand at all times Signup and view all the answers

How often should a patient obtain an A1C blood test?

Every 3-6 months Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient be aware of when it comes to blood glucose?

Symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

Increase in urination Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

Faintness, dizziness Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hyperglycemia?

Poor absorption of insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypoglycemia?

Too little or no diabetes medication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

Weakness, fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

Unsteady gait, slurred speech Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hyperglycemia?

Inactivity Signup and view all the answers

What is a cause of hypoglycemia?

Too much exercise without adequate food intake Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

Progression to DKA or HHS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

Hunger Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hypoglycemia?

Use of β-adrenergic blockers interfering with recognition of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hyperglycemia?

Check blood glucose frequently and check urine for ketones; record results Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for hypoglycemia according to the 'rule of 15'?

Have patient eat or drink 15 g of quick-acting carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient do if symptoms of hypoglycemia do not subside after 2 or 3 doses of quick-acting carbohydrate?

Contact healthcare provider or emergency service Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for hyperglycemia?

Get medical care Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of giving the patient additional food of carbohydrate plus protein or fat in the treatment of hypoglycemia?

To provide additional energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timeframe for repeating the treatment of 15 g of carbohydrate if blood glucose is still <70 mg/dL in hypoglycemia?

After 15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What should the patient do if the next meal is more than 1 hour away or they are engaged in physical activity after stabilizing the glucose level in hypoglycemia?

Eat or drink quick-acting carbohydrate Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if symptoms of hypoglycemia do not subside after 2 or 3 doses of quick-acting carbohydrate?

Contact healthcare provider or emergency service Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking blood glucose frequently in the treatment of hyperglycemia?

To monitor the effectiveness of diabetes medication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)?

Gradual onset of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of HHS?

Presence of infection or illness Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is more likely to develop HHS?

Older adults Signup and view all the answers

What are the main problems associated with HHS?

Dehydration and hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for HHS?

Fluid administration and insulin therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of HHS on blood pH?

Normal blood pH Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is more likely to be present in HHS compared to Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Mental status changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended IV fluid for HHS treatment?

0.9% NaCl Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering IV potassium in HHS?

To treat hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

How often should glucose be monitored in HHS?

Every 15 minutes to 1 hour Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Presence of ketones and acidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of DKA?

Lack of insulin in the body or illness/infection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common symptom of DKA?

Fruity breath Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for DKA?

Fluids, electrolyte replacement, and insulin Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored closely when administering insulin in DKA treatment?

Potassium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of NaHCO3 (bicarbonate) in DKA treatment?

To correct severe acidosis (pH <7.0) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for DKA?

Ensure patent airway and administer oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended rate for continuous regular insulin drip in DKA treatment?

0.1U/kg/hr Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended test to diagnose fluid or electrolyte imbalance in DKA?

Osmolality test Signup and view all the answers

What should be added to IV fluid in the treatment of hypoglycemia?

Dextrose Signup and view all the answers

Abdominal Trauma Lab Tests

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Questions and Answers

Which type of trauma consists of open wounds, lacerations, eviscerations, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds?

What is a common injury associated with trauma to the abdomen?

Which of the following organs is considered a solid organ?

What can happen if there is content spilling into the peritoneal cavity?

Which of the following is a possible sign of arterial damage in intraabdominal injuries?

Which type of injury can result in hypovolemic shock?

What is a possible consequence of diaphragm rupture in intraabdominal injuries?

Which type of injuries are often associated with seat belts pressing intestines and pancreas into the spinal column?

What type of injuries can occur in hollow organs of the abdomen?

What is a possible consequence of hemorrhage in abdominal injuries?

Which laboratory tests are commonly performed in cases of abdominal trauma?

What is the reason why the patient will have normal hemoglobin and hematocrit in abdominal trauma, even when bleeding?

What can blood in the urine indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

Which diagnostic methods are commonly used in cases of abdominal trauma?

What can diagnostic peritoneal lavage detect in cases of abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT a type of blunt trauma?

Which assessment finding is NOT associated with hypovolemic shock?

What are some surface findings of trauma mentioned in the text?

What type of trauma is characterized by a knife injury?

What can blood in the peritoneal cavity indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended intervention for abdominal trauma?

What is the purpose of inserting an indwelling urinary catheter in cases of abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT a part of the abdominal trauma treatment?

What is the purpose of volume expanders in the treatment of hypotensive patients with abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended diagnostic method for abdominal trauma?

What can blood in the peritoneal cavity indicate in cases of abdominal trauma?

Which of the following is NOT a type of blunt trauma?

What can happen if there is content spilling into the peritoneal cavity in cases of abdominal trauma?

Which of the following criteria is NOT used to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

What is the threshold for RBC count to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

What is the threshold for WBC count to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

What is the criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage based on Gram stain?

What substances indicate a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

What is the threshold for alkaline phosphatase to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

What is the threshold for amylase to determine a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage?

Which of the following is NOT a criteria for a positive diagnostic peritoneal lavage based on lab results?

Which of the following is a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

What is the process called when ketone bodies are excreted in the urine?

What happens to the pH balance in the body during ketosis?

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of insulin deficiency in diabetes?

What is the secondary source of fuel when glucose cannot be properly used for energy in diabetes?

What can excessive ketones in the blood cause in diabetes?

What happens to the blood glucose level in diabetes due to insulin deficiency?

What is the purpose of glucagon in diabetes management?

What happens to electrolytes during the process of ketonuria in diabetes?

What is the consequence of insulin deficiency on protein degradation in diabetes?

Which of the following is a characteristic of diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA)?

In which type of diabetes is DKA most likely to occur?

Under what conditions may DKA be seen in people with type 2 diabetes?

What are some precipitating factors for DKA?

What is one of the diabetes management instructions for blood glucose?

What should a patient do when it pertains to taking insulin?

What should a patient do when it pertains to insulin and sickness?

What should a patient do to ensure an adequate supply of insulin?

How often should a patient obtain an A1C blood test?

What should a patient be aware of when it comes to blood glucose?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

What is a cause of hyperglycemia?

What is a cause of hypoglycemia?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

What is a cause of hyperglycemia?

What is a cause of hypoglycemia?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hyperglycemia?

Which of the following is a manifestation of hypoglycemia?

Which of the following is a characteristic of hypoglycemia?

What is the recommended treatment for hyperglycemia?

What is the recommended treatment for hypoglycemia according to the 'rule of 15'?

What should the patient do if symptoms of hypoglycemia do not subside after 2 or 3 doses of quick-acting carbohydrate?

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for hyperglycemia?

What is the purpose of giving the patient additional food of carbohydrate plus protein or fat in the treatment of hypoglycemia?

What is the recommended timeframe for repeating the treatment of 15 g of carbohydrate if blood glucose is still <70 mg/dL in hypoglycemia?

What should the patient do if the next meal is more than 1 hour away or they are engaged in physical activity after stabilizing the glucose level in hypoglycemia?

What is the recommended action if symptoms of hypoglycemia do not subside after 2 or 3 doses of quick-acting carbohydrate?

What is the purpose of checking blood glucose frequently in the treatment of hyperglycemia?

Pediatric Abdominal Trauma and Hypertension & Stroke Management Qu...