Abdominal Hernia and Related Health Issues
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential cause of external abdominal hernia?

  • Previous operation (correct)
  • Aging process
  • Abdominal muscle stretch due to exercise
  • Urinary tract obstruction

    • What is a consequence of weakness in the abdominal wall?

  • External abdominal hernia (correct)
  • Constipation
  • Coughing
  • Urinary tract obstruction

    • What is a component of external abdominal hernia?

  • Urinary tract
  • Abdominal muscle
  • Defect (correct)
  • Sac

    • What can cause straining?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk factor for weakness in the abdominal wall?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the neck part of the abdominal cavity?

    <p>It is the narrowest part of the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a content of the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hernia is characterized by a portion of the circumference of the intestine?

    <p>Richter hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a hernia that contains Mekels Diverticulum's?

    <p>Littre hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a hernia that contains two loops of intestine?

    <p>External abdominal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hernia is characterized by a portion of the urinary bladder?

    <p>Cystocele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic texture of an omentocele?

    <p>Soft and doughy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pattern of reduction in a hernia?

    <p>First more difficult, last easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sound produced during percussion of a hernia?

    <p>Dull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a hernia in terms of gurgling?

    <p>Gurgling is never present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of an umbilical granuloma?

    <p>Chronic irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor can occur in the umbilicus?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of the umbilicus?

    <p>Umbilical hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an umbilical granuloma often treated?

    <p>Application of silver nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for a mass of granulation tissue in the umbilicus?

    <p>Umbilical granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of inguinal hernia among the types of hernia?

    <p>73%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of external abdominal hernia?

    <p>A protrusion of a viscus or part of a viscus within a peritoneal sac through an opening or a weak part of the abdominal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most common type of hernia?

    <p>Incisional hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of congenital external abdominal hernia?

    <p>Due to presence of a congenitally performed sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of external abdominal hernia?

    <p>Internal abdominal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of rare types of hernia?

    <p>1.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    External Abdominal Hernia

    • Hernia occurs due to straining caused by cough, constipation, urinary tract obstruction, and prostate issues in the elderly
    • Weakness of the abdominal wall can cause hernia, which can be due to:
      • Abd muscle stretch (obesity)
      • Previous operation
    • Components of hernia:
      • Defects: sac, mouth, neck, fundus, and body
      • Neck is the proximal narrowest part
      • Contents: any abdominal content except pancreas

    Types of Hernia

    • External abdominal hernia:
      • Inguinal hernia (73%)
      • Femoral hernia (17%)
      • Umbilical hernia (8.5%)
      • Rare types of hernia (1.5%)
    • Internal abdominal hernia

    Causes of External Abdominal Hernia

    • Congenital causes:
      • Presence of congenital peritoneal sac
      • Remnants of processus vaginalis in congenital inguinal hernia
      • Un-obliterated physiological umbilical hernia as in congenital umbilical hernia
    • Acquired causes:
      • Increased intra-abdominal pressure (chronic)
      • Weakness of the abdominal wall
      • Other factors (obesity, previous operation)

    ###contents of External Abdominal Hernia

    • Intestine: Enterocele
    • Omentum: Omentocele
    • Portion of intestine: Richter hernia
    • Meckel's Diverticulum: Littre hernia
    • Ovary with or without Fallopian tube
    • Two loops of intestine: Maydl hernia
    • Portion of urinary bladder: Cystocele

    Diseases of Umbilicus

    • Umbilical granuloma: mass of granulation tissue due to chronic irritation, treated with silver nitrate
    • Umbilical hernia
    • Tumor of umbilicus: squamous cell carcinoma (rare), secondaries from stomach, pancreas, liver, and breast

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    Description

    This quiz covers abdominal hernia, its causes, symptoms, and related health issues such as urinary tract obstruction, constipation, and weakness of the abdominal wall. It also explores the components of external abdominal hernia.

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