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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the liver in metabolism?
Which of the following best describes the function of the colon?
In an abdominal exam, which finding would typically indicate fluid accumulation?
What characterizes midazolam's pharmacological profile?
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Which of the following structures is involved in the destruction of defective red blood cells?
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Study Notes
Small Intestine
- Jejunum and ileum are responsible for absorbing nutrients and water.
Colon
- Converts undigested materials into feces.
- Stores solid waste.
Liver Roles
- Metabolizes carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, drugs, and toxins.
- Synthesizes bile salts, albumin, and clotting factors.
- Stores glycogen, minerals, and fat-soluble vitamins.
Spleen Roles
- Destroys defective red blood cells and foreign particles.
- Synthesizes certain leukocytes.
- Stores erythrocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes.
Kidney Roles
- Regulates blood volume, pressure, pH, and electrolytes.
- Secretes renin and vitamin D.
- Excretes liquid waste and toxins.
Abdominal Exam - Inspection
- Examine the contour, symmetry, and signs of distension or abnormalities (e.g., obesity, ascites, tumors).
Abdominal Exam - Auscultation
- Normal sounds include high-pitched gurgling.
- Abnormal sounds include rubs and bruits.
Abdominal Exam - Palpation
- Assess for muscle guarding, rigidity, and tenderness.
- Check for masses.
Abdominal Exam - Percussion
- Normal tympany indicates air.
- Dullness may indicate fluid.
Musculoskeletal (MSK) Exams
- The musculoskeletal system comprises 206 bones and over 600 muscles.
- Plays roles in movement, organ protection, and blood cell production.
Midazolam Case: Pharmacological Considerations
- Midazolam is metabolized by CYP3A4.
- 97% of midazolam is protein-bound to albumin.
- The lower GI tract plays a role in drug metabolism through hepatic enzymes (CYPs) and albumin-drug protein binding (high binding, >90%).
Midazolam Case: Diagnostic Procedures
- EGD (esophagogastroduodenoscopy) can be used as a diagnostic tool.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of key abdominal organs, such as the small intestine, colon, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Additionally, explore the techniques used in abdominal examination, including inspection, auscultation, and palpation. This quiz is essential for understanding the human digestive and excretory systems.
