Anatomy Quiz: Abdominal Cavity

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly describes the boundaries of the abdominal cavity?

Abdominal walls, rib cage, and diaphragm.

Abdominal walls, diaphragm, and pelvis. (correct)

Abdominal walls, rib cage, and pelvis.

Abdominal walls, diaphragm, and ilium.

The majority of which system's organs are found within the abdominal cavity?

Respiratory system

Urinary system

Digestive system (correct)

Cardiovascular system

In which abdominal quadrant would the majority of the stomach be located?

Right Upper Quadrant

Left Lower Quadrant

Right Lower Quadrant

Left Upper Quadrant (correct)

Which of the following organs is located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Appendix Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following regions is located superior to the umbilical region of the abdomen?

Epigastric Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mesentery?

It encloses an organ and connects it to the posterior abdominal wall, providing pathways for nerves, vessels, and lymphatics. Signup and view all the answers

What is the peritoneal cavity best described as?

A potential space located between the parietal and visceral peritoneum with a small amount of fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between the peritoneal cavity in males compared to females?

It has an opening in females allowing for passage of oocytes from the ovaries to fallopian tube. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a retroperitoneal organ?

An organ partially protruding, remaining external to the peritoneal cavity and posterior to the peritoneum. Signup and view all the answers

The liver is connected to the anterior abdominal wall by which ligament?

Falciform ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organs is NOT considered intraperitoneal?

Ascending colon Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a remnant of the umbilical vein?

Round ligament Signup and view all the answers

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which two veins?

Superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

Synthesis of plasma proteins Signup and view all the answers

The bare area of the liver is characterized by:

Being in direct contact with the diaphragm and lacking visceral peritoneum. Signup and view all the answers

Which parts of the digestive system are retroperitoneal?

The 2nd, 3rd, and 4th parts of the duodenum, the ascending and descending colon, and the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

Which vascular system bypasses hepatic filtration?

The caval venous system Signup and view all the answers

The majority of blood flow to the liver comes from the:

Hepatic portal vein Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels form a portal-caval anastomosis that can result in caput medusae?

Paraumbilical and epigastric veins Signup and view all the answers

The common bile duct is formed by the union of which two ducts?

Cystic duct and hepatic duct Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT found within the portal triad?

Splenic vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rugae in the stomach?

To allow expansion of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

The hepatogastric ligament is a part of which larger structure?

Lesser omentum Signup and view all the answers

Where does the hepatopancreatic ampulla open into the digestive system?

Second part of the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach is directly adjacent to the esophagus?

Cardia Signup and view all the answers

The pyloric sphincter is responsible for:

Preventing reflux of duodenal contents into stomach Signup and view all the answers

Which segment of the small intestine is primarily located in the right lower quadrant?

Ileum Signup and view all the answers

The thickened free edge of the lesser omentum, that conducts the portal triad, is the:

Hepatoduodenal ligament Signup and view all the answers

Where do the presynaptic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate?

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord lateral horn Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ganglia contains postganglionic neurons that innervate the abdominal viscera?

Prevertebral ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a prevertebral ganglion?

Cervical ganglion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?

They carry presynaptic sympathetic fibers to the prevertebral ganglia. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the presynaptic sympathetic fibers of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves synapse?

Prevertebral ganglia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a thoracic splanchnic nerve?

Least splanchnic nerve Signup and view all the answers

The greater splanchnic nerve originates at which spinal cord levels?

T5-T9 Signup and view all the answers

Where do postganglionic fibers of the lesser splanchnic nerve distribute to?

Midgut structures Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the ileum?

Many short arterial arcades Signup and view all the answers

The mesentery proper attaches which organs to the posterior abdominal wall?

Jejunum and ileum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a projection from the inferior part of the head of the pancreas?

Uncinate process Signup and view all the answers

The main pancreatic duct merges with the common bile duct to form which structure?

Hepatopancreatic ampulla Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the large intestine?

Villi Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys are located at approximately which vertebral levels?

T12-L3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the most external layer of the kidney?

Paranephric fat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT found within the kidney?

Renal artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the foregut?

Celiac trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is NOT a direct branch of the celiac trunk?

Right gastric artery Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are part of the superior mesenteric artery branch?

Ileocolic artery and middle colic artery Signup and view all the answers

The 'Marginal artery of Drummond' provides an anastomotic connection between which two arteries?

Superior and inferior mesenteric arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is part of the sympathetic nervous system's effect on the GI tract?

Constricts blood vessels to the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve fibers are carried by the splanchnic nerves?

Visceral efferent and afferent fibers Signup and view all the answers

The lumbar splanchnic nerves originate from which spinal cord levels?

L1-L2/L3 Signup and view all the answers

Which plexus innervates the hindgut and pelvic viscera?

Superior hypogastric plexus Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic viscera?

CN X Signup and view all the answers

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system typically located?

Near or within the walls of the target organ Signup and view all the answers

The foregut and midgut receive parasympathetic innervation from which nerve?

Vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a head ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Aorticorenal ganglia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary destination for the presynaptic fibers of the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Inferior hypogastric plexus Signup and view all the answers

The sacral outflow of the parasympathetic nervous system involves which spinal cord levels?

S2-S4 Signup and view all the answers

Where do the presynaptic fibers of the vagus nerve synapse?

Within the walls of the viscera Signup and view all the answers

Postganglionic fibers from the lumbar splanchnic nerves follow what to reach the hindgut structures?

Branches of the abdominal aorta Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the location of the presynaptic cell bodies of the pelvic splanchnic nerves ?

Sacral region of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abdominal Cavity Organs

The abdominal cavity is bordered by abdominal walls, diaphragm, and pelvis
It forms the major portion of the abdominopelvic cavity, which is continuous with pelvic cavities
It contains most digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, and ureters.

Outline

The organs of the abdominal cavity
Blood supply
Innervation

Digestive Tract

The abdominal viscera comprises the majority of the digestive tract
Viscera include the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, etc.

Abdominal Quadrants

The abdomen is divided into four quadrants by imaginary horizontal and vertical lines that intersect at the umbilicus
The quadrants are right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominal Regions

The abdomen is also divided into nine regions
These include the epigastric, right hypochondriac, left hypochondriac, umbilical, right lumbar, left lumbar, hypogastric/suprapubic, right iliac/inguinal, and left iliac/inguinal regions.

Peritoneum

Peritoneum is a mesothelial membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity
- Parietal peritoneum: lines the inner walls of the cavity
- Visceral peritoneum: covers the abdominal organs
Peritoneal cavity: potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum, containing a small amount of peritoneal fluid (~50mL)
In males, the peritoneal cavity is closed, but females have an opening for oocytes to pass from the ovaries to the fallopian tube.

Mesenteries and Peritoneal Ligaments

Mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and connects it to the posterior abdominal wall
Peritoneal ligaments connect one organ to another, or to the abdominal wall
These provide pathways for nerves, vessels, and lymphatics

Intraperitoneal vs. Retroperitoneal Organs

Retroperitoneal organs: only partially covered by peritoneum (kidneys, duodenum, etc.)
Intraperitoneal organs: completely covered by peritoneum (stomach, liver, etc.)

Liver

Detoxification
Glycogen storage
Hormone production
Plasma protein synthesis
Bile production
Four anatomical lobes (right, left, quadrate, caudate)
Divided into 8 functionally surgically-resectable segments

Hepatic Portal Vein

Brings 75-80% of the blood to the liver from the gastrointestinal tract
Carries nutrients absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract
Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein
Divides into right and left branches

Portal Venous System

Transports blood from gastrointestinal viscera to the liver for filtration
Formed by the union of superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein.
Inferior mesenteric vein typically drains into the splenic vein

Caval Venous System

Drains venous blood from structures of the posterior abdominal wall, kidneys, suprarenal glands.
Blood bypasses liver
For the heart's right atrium

Portal-Caval Anastomoses

Anastomoses provide collateral circulation if obstruction occurs in the liver or portal vein
Include structures like esophageal veins, superior rectal veins, paraumbilical and colic veins.

Stomach

Stores and prepares food for digestion through chemical and mechanical processes
Four regions: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
Has rugae-folds that disappear during dilation
Contains sphincters- cardiac and pyloric
Stomach has ligaments: Greater Omentum, Gastrosplenic ligament, Gastrophrenic ligament, Gastrocolic ligament

Small Intestine

Duodenum (~1ft.), C-shaped
Jejunum (~8 ft.)
Ileum (~12ft.)
Primary site for nutrient absorption

Duodenum

Part of the small intestine
Four parts: Superior, Descending, Inferior, Ascending

Jejunum & Ileum

Most of the jejunum is located in the left upper quadrant.
Most of the ileum is located in the right lower quadrant.

Large Intestine

Absorbs water and electrolytes, produces and absorbs vitamins, and propels feces towards the rectum
Parts:
- Cecum (with Appendix)
- Ascending colon
- Transverse colon
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- Rectum

Pancreas

Accessory digestive gland
Located posterior to the stomach between the duodenum and the spleen
Produces enzymes for digestion (exocrine secretions)
Produces hormones such as glucagon and insulin (endocrine secretions)
Regions: head, neck, body, tail

Kidney

Remove excess water, salts, and wastes from the blood
Return nutrients and chemicals
Lie retroperitoneally on the posterior abdominal wall
On either side of the vertebral column at levels of T12 to L3
Left kidney slightly superior than right

Blood Supply - Foregut, Midgut, Hindgut

Organs have three major blood supply segments related to their development stages.
- Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas: supplied by the Celiac Trunk.
- Parts of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix: supplied by the Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA).
- Colon's distal portion, sigmoid colon, rectum: supplied by the Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA).

Blood Supply - Specific Arteries

Celiac Trunk: Left Gastric Artery, Splenic Artery, Common Hepatic Artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery: lleocolic artery, Right colic artery, Middle colic artery, Intestinal arteries
Inferior Mesenteric Artery: Left colic artery, Sigmoid arteries, Superior rectal artery

Innervation - Sympathetic

Inhibits peristalsis
Contracts internal anal sphincter to aid fecal continence
Promotes breakdown of glycogen

Innervation - Parasympathetic

Prompts peristalsis
Stimulates secretion of digestive juices
Relaxes internal anal sphincter

Autonomic Plexuses

Contain sympathetic & parasympathetic efferents and visceral afferents
Innervate visceral components
Include Cardiac, Pulmonary, Esophogeal, Abdominal & Pelvic plexuses

Splanchnic Nerves

Carry both visceral efferent & afferent fibers
Important for sympathetic control of abdominal viscera
Consist of: Cardiopulmonary, Abdominopelvic, Greater, Lesser, Least, Lumbar and Sacral splanchnic nerves.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Cranial outflow from brainstem (CN III, VII, IX, X), innervating head, thorax, and abdomen
Sacral outflow from S2-S4 spinal cord, innervating the hindgut and pelvic viscera
Terminal or intramural ganglia near target organs

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Description

Test your knowledge about the anatomy of the abdominal cavity and its contents. This quiz covers questions about organ locations, boundaries, and functions within the abdominal region. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related subjects.