Abdomen Anatomy 3 Lecture Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the central vein in the hepatic circulation?

To collect blood from the hepatic portal vein

To supply oxygenated blood to the liver

To drain blood into the inferior vena cava (correct)

To filter bile from the liver

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood directly to the liver?

Central vein

Inferior vena cava

Hepatic artery (correct)

Hepatic portal vein

Which component is NOT part of the hepatic triad?

Central vein (correct)

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

Bile duct

What type of blood vessels are sinusoids in the liver?

Discontinuous capillaries Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the branches of veins in the hepatic system?

They are the only veins with branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the mnemonic used to remember the second part of the digestive system?

Odie from Garfield Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries contribute to the arterial supply of the pancreas?

Splenic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Sphincter of Oddi?

Controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a notable structure associated with the pancreas?

Cholecystectomy sphincter Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are mentioned as part of the pancreas's arterial supply?

Gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerves are predominantly found in the abdomen?

Two parasympathetic vagus nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the biliary ducts?

Carry bile from the liver to the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system is primarily responsible for abdominal nerve supply?

Sympathetic spinal plexus Signup and view all the answers

The gallbladder is primarily involved in the storage of which substance?

Bile Signup and view all the answers

What connects the liver to the duodenum?

Biliary ducts Signup and view all the answers

Which lobes are part of the liver?

Left, right, caudate, and quadrate lobes Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical features make grooves on the liver's surface?

Biliary duct and hepatic vein Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the liver is often overlooked by some individuals?

Caudate and quadrate lobes Signup and view all the answers

Where can the caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver be found?

On the inferior visceral surface of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What structure is associated with the ligamentum teres hepatis?

Umbilical vein Signup and view all the answers

What structure is formed when the cystic duct joins the common hepatic duct?

Common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

Where does the common hepatic duct emerge from?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which duct is specifically responsible for draining bile from the gallbladder?

Cystic duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of duct formation starting from the hepatic ducts?

Hepatic duct → Common hepatic duct → Common bile duct Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct?

One directly connects to the other in the formation of the CBD Signup and view all the answers

What vital function do renal arteries serve in relation to the lungs?

They provide blood flow during kidney surgeries. Signup and view all the answers

Which major artery directly branches off to form the renal arteries?

Aorta Signup and view all the answers

In the context of kidney surgeries, what is the primary consideration for the renal arteries?

They should be preserved to ensure kidney function. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lungs during procedures that involve the renal arteries?

There is no impact since they are not directly involved. Signup and view all the answers

How do renal arteries relate to the overall cardiovascular system?

They redirect blood from the heart to the kidneys. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abdomen Anatomy 3 Lecture Notes

Course: Block 1.2, 2024-2025
Writer: Alaa Alessa
Reviewer: Ghassan Al-Nasser
Notes: 221-222-223
Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to describe abdominal organs, understand their position, parts, and neurovascular supply.

Abdominal Organs (Content)

Spleen: Not always part of digestive system, involved in reticuloendothelial and lymph.
Pancreas: Composed of endocrine (producing hormones) and exocrine (producing enzymes) components.
Liver: Essential digestive component.
Gallbladder and Biliary system: Involved in digestive processes.
Kidneys: Excretory function.
Ureter: Excretory, transporting urine.
Suprarenal gland: Endocrine function.

Abdominal Regions

There are nine abdominal regions.
Relevant anatomical regions for organs discussed:
- Right Hypochondriac
- Epigastric
- Left Hypochondriac
- Right Lumbar
- Umbilical
- Left Lumbar
- Right Iliac
- Hypogastric
- Left Iliac

Spleen Detail

Shape & Location: Ovoid, purplish, pulpy mass, size of a fist, located in the superolateral part of the left upper quadrant (LUQ), protected by the inferior thoracic cage.
Vulnerability: Relatively delicate, considered the most vulnerable abdominal organ.
Relations: Posteriorly: diaphragm; Anteriorly: stomach; Inferiorly: left colic flexure; Medially: left kidney.
Size: Approximately 12 cm long, 7 cm wide, 1 inch thick, and weighs 7 ounces.

Spleen: Blood Supply & Lymphatics

Arterial Supply: Splenic artery (largest branch of the celiac trunk)
Venous Drainage: Splenic vein, formed by several tributaries from the hilum, joins the IMV and runs posterior to the body and tail of the pancreas before uniting with the SMV to form the hepatic portal vein.
Lymphatics: Pass along the splenic vessels to pancreaticosplenic lymph nodes and celiac nodes.
Nerves: Derived from celiac plexus, distributed along splenic artery branches, with vasomotor function.

Pancreas

Location: Retroperitoneally, overlying and transversely crossing the bodies of the L1 and L2 vertebrae. Lies behind the stomach between duodenum (right) and spleen (left).
Structure: Divided into head, neck, body, and tail.
Functions: Endocrine (hormones, e.g., insulin, glucagon) and exocrine (enzymes for digestion).
Blood supply: Branches of gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries.
Venous drainage: Via corresponding pancreatic veins.
Lymphatics: Follow blood vessels; drain to superior mesenteric and celiac nodes.
Nerves: Derived from the vagus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves via celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses.

Liver

Size & Location: Largest gland in the body, lies mostly in the RUQ, deep to ribs 7-11 on the right and extends into the left upper quadrant.
Protection: Protected by thoracic cage and diaphragm
Associated structures:
- Right side of gastric and pyloric areas
- Superior part of duodenum
- Lesser omentum
- Gallbladder
- Right colic flexure and transverse colon
- Right kidney, suprarenal glands
Gross surface features: Convex diaphragmatic (anterior, superior, posterior) surface and concave visceral (postero-inferior) surface
Blood Supply: Hepatic portal vein( 75-80%), and hepatic artery(20-25%).
Venous Drainage: Hepatic veins to inferior vena cava.
Lymphatic Drainage: Lymph drains to the superior mesenteric and/or celiac lymph nodes
Nerves: Derived from hepatic plexus, a component of the celiac plexus. Parasympathetic and Sympathetic fibers.

Gallbladder and Biliary System

Bile Production: Continuous by liver.
Concentration & Storage: Between meals, bile concentrates in the gallbladder.
Ducts: Hepatic ducts from the liver combine to form the common hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct (CBD) that eventually empties into duodenum.
Function: aids in emulsification of fats for digestion.
Location: The body of the gallbladder lies anterior to the superior part of the duodenum, while its neck and cystic duct are immediately superior to the duodenum.

Kidneys/Ureters

Location: Retroperitoneally on posterior abdominal wall. One on each side of the vertebral column, at the level of T12-L3 vertebrae.
Shape, Size, & Color: Reddish-brown, each about 10 cm in length, 5 cm in width, and 2.5 cm in thickness.
Relations: Superiorly kidneys are in contact with diaphragm.
Renal Arteries/Veins: Renal arteries branch into segmented arteries. Renal veins will drain into inferior vena cava.
Ureters: Muscular tubes carrying urine from kidneys to urinary bladder. These have three areas of constriction: where they join renal pelvis, where they cross the external iliac artery, and where they enter the bladder.

Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands

Location: Between superomedial aspect of the kidneys and the diaphragm, encompassed by connective tissue and perinephric fat.
Connection to kidneys and diaphragm: Attached to the crura of the diaphragm.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the abdomen with this quiz. Covering topics such as abdominal organs, their functions, and anatomical regions, this quiz will assess your understanding of key concepts in abdominal anatomy. Ideal for Block 1.2 students in the 2024-2025 academic year.