ABC-X Model of Family Stress

Study Notes

Variables: A (stressor event), B (resources available), C (perception of the event), X (degree of stress or crisis).

Refers to events that can alter family dynamics or increase stress levels.
Events can be both positive (e.g., marriage) or negative (e.g., death).
Distinction: stressor events are stimuli, while stress is the response to these stimuli.

Sources of Origin: Internal (within the family) or external (outside the family).
Type of Predictability: Universal/normative changes (expected life cycle events) or non-universal/non-normative (unexpected situations like catastrophes).
Type of Clarity: Events can be clear (unambiguous) or ambiguous.
Type of Choice: Events can be volitional (chosen) or nonvolitional (unwanted).
Duration: Stressors can be cumulative (ongoing) or isolated (single incident).

Resources include traits, characteristics, or abilities that help families manage stress.
Resources are assessed at three levels: individual, family, and community.

Refers to the family's interpretation and meaning attached to the stressor.
Perception can vary widely, influencing responses to stress.
Collective perception may not always be accurate but reflects shared views within the family.

A crisis occurs when stress overwhelms the family’s equilibrium, leading to dysfunction.
In crisis, the family may feel immobilized and incapable of functioning effectively.
Stress does not inevitably lead to a crisis; it is contingent on the resources and perceptions involved.

Failure to maintain boundaries and roles among family members.
Inability of members to function optimally, leading to poor decision-making, problem-solving, and self-care.
Shift in focus from family welfare to individual survival, often indicative of a crisis state.