ABA Test 2: Negative Reinforcement

Questions and Answers

What is negative reinforcement?

It increases the likelihood of behavior by presenting a stimulus.

It leads to a decrease in behavior.

It has no effect on behavior.

It is the removal or termination of a stimulus that increases behavior. (correct)

What is positive reinforcement?

It produces a stimulus that was absent prior to responding. (correct)

It decreases the likelihood of behavior.

It involves removing a negative stimulus.

It has no effect on future occurrences of behavior.

What is the difference between positive and negative reinforcement?

Positive reinforcement produces a stimulus that was absent, while negative reinforcement terminates a stimulus that was present.

What is the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Negative reinforcement terminates a present stimulus to increase behavior, while punishment presents a stimulus to decrease behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does escape mean in the context of negative reinforcement?

Removing yourself from the aversive stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What does avoidance mean in negative reinforcement?

Avoiding the aversive stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is unconditioned negative reinforcement?

Typically unpleasant stimuli like shock, loud noise, and intense light. Signup and view all the answers

What is conditioned negative reinforcement?

Previously neutral events that acquire their effects through pairing with an existing negative reinforcer. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main sources of negative reinforcement?

Social negative reinforcement and automatic negative reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What is social negative reinforcement?

It involves seeking social interactions or support to remove a negative stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What is automatic negative reinforcement?

It occurs when an individual takes action to independently remove a negative stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four factors that influence the effectiveness of negative reinforcement?

<ol> <li>Immediate stimulus change after the target response. 2. Large magnitude of reinforcement. 3. Consistent escape from or postponement of the EO. 4. Unavailability of reinforcement for competing responses.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are behavioral replacement strategies?

Strategies that strengthen a more socially appropriate replacement behavior using negative reinforcement. Signup and view all the answers

What is an establishing operation?

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Study Notes

Negative Reinforcement Concepts

Negative Reinforcement: Involves the removal or reduction of an aversive stimulus following a behavior, which increases the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.
Positive Reinforcement: Involves the introduction of a pleasant stimulus following a behavior, enhancing the probability of that behavior being repeated.

Comparison of Reinforcement Types

Difference between Positive and Negative Reinforcement: Positive reinforcement adds a stimulus to increase behavior; negative reinforcement removes an existing stimulus to enhance behavior.
Difference between Negative Reinforcement and Punishment: Negative reinforcement increases behavior by terminating a negative stimulus; punishment decreases behavior by introducing an aversive stimulus following the behavior.

Types of Reinforcements

Escape: The action of removing oneself from an aversive stimulus to stop discomfort.
Avoidance: The proactive measure of staying away from aversive stimuli.
Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement: Directly unpleasant stimuli, such as loud noises or shocks, which naturally strengthen behaviors when eliminated.
Conditioned Negative Reinforcement: Neutral stimuli that gain reinforcing properties through association with unconditioned stimuli.

Sources of Negative Reinforcement

Social Negative Reinforcement: Involves interpersonal interactions, such as seeking help or medical attention to alleviate discomfort.
Automatic Negative Reinforcement: Involves self-administered removal of discomfort, like taking medicine for a headache.

Effectiveness Factors

Four Influential Factors:
- The reinforcing stimulus must follow the target behavior immediately.
- Higher magnitude of reinforcement enhances effectiveness.
- Consistent occurrences of the target response must reliably lead to the alleviation of the aversive conditions.
- Reinforcement must be unavailable for alternative behaviors.

Behavioral Strategies

Behavioral Replacement Strategies: Strengthens more socially acceptable behaviors by applying negative reinforcement techniques.

Establishing Operation

Establishing Operation (EO): A condition or event that influences the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher, establishing motivations for particular behaviors.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts of negative and positive reinforcement in Applied Behavior Analysis. It tests your understanding of how these reinforcements influence behavior. Prepare to challenge your grasp of ABA principles with these flashcards!