ABA Flashcards: Classical Conditioning
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Questions and Answers

What is classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning involves the repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.

What is a stimulus?

A stimulus is an external event that affects an individual's behavior or response.

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response.

What is an unconditioned response?

<p>An unconditioned response is a naturally occurring reaction to a stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of classical conditioning?

<p>Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main idea of Ivan Pavlov's experiment?

<p>Pavlov paired the sound of a bell with food for the dogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

<p>Classical conditioning deals with reflexive behaviors, while operant conditioning involves voluntary behaviors that are influenced by consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is operant conditioning?

<p>Operant conditioning is a method of learning that manipulates the probability of an individual's behavior through reinforcements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social cognitive theory?

<p>Individuals learn behavior by observing others, and if the imitation is reinforced, the behavior is more likely to be repeated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is observational learning?

<p>Observational learning occurs when an individual observes the behavior of another person and the consequences of that behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an individual to imitate a behavior?

<p>An individual must retain an observed behavior to imitate or repeat it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does ecological systems theory provide?

<p>A theoretical framework for understanding how a child's development and behaviors are influenced by complex interactions of environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy?

<p>Self-efficacy is the belief in one's abilities to perform specific tasks despite difficulties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors affect children's behavior according to sociocultural theory?

<p>Culture and moral development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Vygotsky?

<p>Vygotsky is a prominent figure in educational psychology known for his sociocultural theory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

  • Classical conditioning involves pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response.
  • Key figures: Ivan Pavlov, recognized as the father of classical conditioning, and John Watson.
  • Pavlov's experiment demonstrated how dogs learned to associate a bell (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimulus) to produce salivation (unconditioned response).

Stimulus and Responses

  • A stimulus is an external event influencing behavior or responses.
  • An unconditioned stimulus automatically triggers an unconditioned response; for example, the smell of pizza induces hunger.
  • An unconditioned response is a natural, automatic reaction to a stimulus, such as feeling hungry when smelling food.

Differences in Conditioning

  • Reflexive behaviors are central to classical conditioning, where antecedent events lead to automatic responses, such as hunger from pizza aroma.
  • Operant conditioning focuses on voluntary behaviors influenced by consequences, such as increased likelihood of eating pizza due to positive reinforcement and pleasurable experience.

Operant Conditioning

  • Operant conditioning alters behavior probabilities through reinforcements, either pleasurable or aversive, manipulating individual actions.
  • B.F. Skinner is a significant figure associated with this method of learning.

Social Cognitive Theory and Observational Learning

  • Social cognitive theory, theorized by Albert Bandura, posits that behaviors can be learned through observation, reinforcing the likelihood of imitation.
  • Observational learning involves witnessing behaviors and their consequences, essential for retaining and reproducing behaviors.
  • Retention of observed behaviors can be challenging for individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Ecological Systems Theory

  • This theory explores how a child's development is influenced by their social and environmental interactions.
  • Emphasizes that behavior interventions must consider the child within the context of their ecological system, including family, community, and cultural factors.

Self-Efficacy and Sociocultural Theory

  • Self-efficacy reflects an individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific tasks, impacting motivation and behavior.
  • Sociocultural theory highlights the role of cultural and moral development in shaping children's behavior and learning experiences.
  • Vygotsky contributed significantly to understanding these interactions in child development.

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Test your knowledge on classical conditioning concepts with these flashcards. Learn about the foundational principles established by Pavlov and Watson, including key terms like stimulus and unconditioned stimulus. Perfect for anyone studying applied behavior analysis.

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