ABA 2 Foundation - Hard Flashcards

Types of Stimulus Classes

• Formal (F): Based on physical features of stimuli, like topography.
• Temporal (T): Considers timing of stimulus changes in relation to behaviors—preceding (antecedent) and following (consequences).
• Functional (F): Understanding stimuli through their effects on behavior; multiple functions may exist for a single stimulus.

Repertoire

• Refers to all behaviors an individual can perform.
• Encompasses a collection of skills and knowledge relevant to specific tasks.

Classifying Stimulus Classes

• Feature Stimulus Class: Stimuli share specific features or characteristics (e.g., types of dogs).
• Arbitrary Stimulus Class: Stimuli evoke a similar response without sharing common features (e.g., different fruits).

Feature Stimulus Class

• Includes stimuli that share common topographies and spatial arrangements.
• Developed through the process of stimulus generalization.

Arbitrary Stimulus Class

• Includes dissimilar stimuli that elicit the same response.
• Developed based on stimulus equivalence, with a limited number of stimuli.

Consequences

• Influence only future behavior (Bx).
• Select response classes, not singular responses.
• Immediate consequences are most impactful, and timing matters in the selection of behaviors.

Automaticity of Reinforcement and Punishment

• Consequences can influence behavior without the individual's awareness or understanding.

Automatic Reinforcement

• Also known as sensory reinforcement or self-stimulatory behavior.
• Occurs without social mediation; independently produced sensory consequences.
• Can be either positive or negative, but assumptions about automatic reinforcement can be misleading.

Automatic Punishment

• Punishment that occurs independent of social interactions.
• Example: Discomfort from wearing itchy clothing discourages future usage.

Positive Reinforcement

• Involves the addition or intensification of a stimulus following a behavior, resulting in increased future frequency of that behavior.
• Also referred to as type 1 reinforcement (SR +).

Negative Reinforcement

• Involves the removal or reduction of a stimulus to increase future frequency of a behavior.

Types of Negative Reinforcement

• Escape: Behavior aims to terminate an ongoing aversive stimulus.
• Avoidance: Prevents an anticipated aversive stimulus; includes free operant and discriminated avoidance.

Positive Punishment

• Occurs when presenting or increasing the intensity of a stimulus decreases future behavior frequency.
• Also identified as SD; SDp; SP; punishment-based SD, typically involves a two-term contingent until an antecedent is added.

Negative Punishment

• Involves the removal of a stimulus or decrease in its intensity to reduce the frequency of similar responses.
• Known as type II punishment or penalty principle.

Threats and Punishment

• Threats themselves do not constitute punishment; they may serve as motivating operations (MOs) that prompt behaviors to avoid the threatened consequence.

Recovery from Punishment

• Effects of punishment diminish upon cessation; behavior may revert to original frequencies, akin to extinction in reinforcement contexts.

Increasing Behavior

• Establish initial criteria for reinforcement that exceed baseline performance while remaining within the bounds of highest recorded performance.

This quiz covers key concepts from the ABA 2 Foundation course, focusing specifically on the three types of stimulus classes. Participants will enhance their understanding of formal, temporal, and functional aspects of stimuli. Perfect for students preparing for practical applications in behavior analysis.