ABA 2 Foundation - Hard Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the three types of stimulus classes?

Formal (correct)

Abstract

Functional (correct)

Temporal (correct)

What is one meaning of repertoire?

All the behaviors that an individual can do.

Name two other ways to classify stimulus classes.

Feature Stimulus Class and Arbitrary Stimulus Class.

What defines a Feature Stimulus Class?

Stimuli share common topographies or spatial arrangements and are developed through stimulus generalization. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes an Arbitrary Stimulus Class?

Stimuli evoke the same response but do not share a common stimulus feature. Signup and view all the answers

Consequences only affect future behavior.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is automaticity in the context of reinforcement and punishment?

A person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work. Signup and view all the answers

What is automatic reinforcement?

Reinforcement that occurs independent of social mediation. Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of automatic punishment?

Clothing that is itchy to your skin is not likely to be worn again. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during positive reinforcement?

Presentation of a stimulus increases behavior Signup and view all the answers

Negative reinforcement leads to a decrease in the future frequency of a behavior.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of negative reinforcement?

Escape and avoidance. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes positive punishment?

Presentation or increase in intensity of a stimulus decreases future behavior frequency. Signup and view all the answers

What does negative punishment involve?

Removal of a stimulus leads to a decrease in future frequency of similar responses. Signup and view all the answers

Are threats considered punishment?

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens during recovery from punishment?

The rate of behavior increases back to its original rate when punishment is stopped. Signup and view all the answers

The initial criterion for reinforcement should be greater than the baseline ___ and less than or equal to the highest performance.

average Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Stimulus Classes

Formal (F): Based on physical features of stimuli, like topography.
Temporal (T): Considers timing of stimulus changes in relation to behaviors—preceding (antecedent) and following (consequences).
Functional (F): Understanding stimuli through their effects on behavior; multiple functions may exist for a single stimulus.

Repertoire

Refers to all behaviors an individual can perform.
Encompasses a collection of skills and knowledge relevant to specific tasks.

Classifying Stimulus Classes

Feature Stimulus Class: Stimuli share specific features or characteristics (e.g., types of dogs).
Arbitrary Stimulus Class: Stimuli evoke a similar response without sharing common features (e.g., different fruits).

Feature Stimulus Class

Includes stimuli that share common topographies and spatial arrangements.
Developed through the process of stimulus generalization.

Arbitrary Stimulus Class

Includes dissimilar stimuli that elicit the same response.
Developed based on stimulus equivalence, with a limited number of stimuli.

Consequences

Influence only future behavior (Bx).
Select response classes, not singular responses.
Immediate consequences are most impactful, and timing matters in the selection of behaviors.

Automaticity of Reinforcement and Punishment

Consequences can influence behavior without the individual's awareness or understanding.

Automatic Reinforcement

Also known as sensory reinforcement or self-stimulatory behavior.
Occurs without social mediation; independently produced sensory consequences.
Can be either positive or negative, but assumptions about automatic reinforcement can be misleading.

Automatic Punishment

Punishment that occurs independent of social interactions.
Example: Discomfort from wearing itchy clothing discourages future usage.

Positive Reinforcement

Involves the addition or intensification of a stimulus following a behavior, resulting in increased future frequency of that behavior.
Also referred to as type 1 reinforcement (SR +).

Negative Reinforcement

Involves the removal or reduction of a stimulus to increase future frequency of a behavior.

Types of Negative Reinforcement

Escape: Behavior aims to terminate an ongoing aversive stimulus.
Avoidance: Prevents an anticipated aversive stimulus; includes free operant and discriminated avoidance.

Positive Punishment

Occurs when presenting or increasing the intensity of a stimulus decreases future behavior frequency.
Also identified as SD; SDp; SP; punishment-based SD, typically involves a two-term contingent until an antecedent is added.

Negative Punishment

Involves the removal of a stimulus or decrease in its intensity to reduce the frequency of similar responses.
Known as type II punishment or penalty principle.

Threats and Punishment

Threats themselves do not constitute punishment; they may serve as motivating operations (MOs) that prompt behaviors to avoid the threatened consequence.

Recovery from Punishment

Effects of punishment diminish upon cessation; behavior may revert to original frequencies, akin to extinction in reinforcement contexts.

Increasing Behavior

Establish initial criteria for reinforcement that exceed baseline performance while remaining within the bounds of highest recorded performance.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from the ABA 2 Foundation course, focusing specifically on the three types of stimulus classes. Participants will enhance their understanding of formal, temporal, and functional aspects of stimuli. Perfect for students preparing for practical applications in behavior analysis.