Questions and Answers
Define punishment
A behavior has a stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of the behavior
Define negative punishment
The stimulus change (consequence) can be removal of stimulus that decreases the future frequency of behavior
Define positive punishment
The stimulus change (consequence) can be addition of stimulus that decreases the future frequency of behavior
What are examples of unconditioned punishers?
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What are examples of conditioned punishers?
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What are the factors influencing the effectiveness of punishment?
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What are the potential side effects of punishment?
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What are the positive punishment interventions?
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Define reprimands
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Define response blocking
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What are the side effects of response blocking?
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Define response interruption and redirection (RIRD)
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Example of RIRD
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Define contingent exercise
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Example of contingent exercise
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Define overcorrection
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Define restitutional overcorrection
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Example of restitution overcorrection
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Define positive practice overcorrection
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Example of positive practice overcorrection
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What is the acronym for the guidelines for using punishment effectively?
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What are the guidelines for using punishment effectively?
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Study Notes
Definitions of Punishment
- Punishment: A stimulus change that reduces the future frequency of a behavior.
- Negative Punishment: Removal of a stimulus that decreases future behavior frequency.
- Positive Punishment: Addition of a stimulus following a behavior that decreases its future frequency.
Types of Punishers
- Unconditioned Punishers: Examples include painful stimuli (physical trauma), aversive odors and tastes, physical restraint, and extreme muscular effort.
- Conditioned Punishers: Derived from a person’s conditioning history, such as a tone paired with a shock.
Factors Influencing Punishment Effectiveness
- Immediacy: The promptness of the punishment after the behavior.
- Intensity: The strength of the punishment administered.
- Schedule and Consistency: Regular and consistent application improves effectiveness.
- Reinforcement: Availability of reinforcement for the target or alternative behaviors.
Potential Side Effects of Punishment
- Elicits undesirable emotions, potential aggression, escape behaviors, and avoidance.
- Increases problem behavior frequency when punishment is not applied.
- Can lead to modeling of undesirable behaviors.
- Does not instruct on appropriate alternatives.
- Risk of overuse due to negative reinforcement effects.
Positive Punishment Interventions
- Reprimands: Verbal disapproval (e.g., "No!").
- Response Blocking: Physically intervening to stop the problem behavior.
- Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD): Interrupting the undesirable behavior and redirecting to acceptable actions.
- Contingent Exercise: Requiring a non-related behavior after misbehavior.
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Overcorrection: Engaging in effortful behavior related to correcting the misbehavior.
- Restitutional Overcorrection: Restoring the environment to a better condition post-misbehavior.
- Positive Practice Overcorrection: Repeating an acceptable behavior or incompatible behavior a specified number of times.
Examples of Interventions
- Response Blocking: Preventing completion of a negative action.
- RIRD Example: Interrupting yelling by redirecting to quiet play.
- Contingent Exercise Example: Requiring ten jumping jacks for yelling.
- Restitutional Overcorrection Example: Cleaning muddy footprints in the house.
- Positive Practice Overcorrection Example: Repeatedly wiping boots before entering the house.
Guidelines for Effective Punishment
- The acronym PLS, BE KIND serves as a reminder for utilizing effective punishment techniques.
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Description
This quiz provides flashcards on the concepts of punishment in behavioral psychology. It includes definitions and examples of positive punishment, negative punishment, and general punishment, aimed to enhance understanding of these key terms. Perfect for students studying psychology related to behavior modification.