عصر التنوير في القرن الثامن عشر

The 18th Century - The Enlightenment

• The 18th century is known as the "Age of Enlightenment."
• Enlightenment thinkers fought against injustice and oppression.
• The 18th century saw a shift away from fanaticism and prejudice.
• Humanism and respect for human dignity were key characteristics.
• Enlightenment writers challenged absolutism.

Literature of the Enlightenment

• Literature reflected the desires of the people.
• The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason (Descartes' philosophy).
• Writers sought to address key social issues.
• The 18th century featured a strong focus on combatting prejudice.
• Enlightenment began in the late 17th century ("The Age of Louis XIV").

Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Impact

• Voltaire: Imprisoned for satirical verses. Exiled to England. Influenced by the English political system. Celebrated writer focused on social and political philosophy, morality and historical issues. Widespread influence on French literature and politics. Famous works include Zadig and Candide.
• Montesquieu: A French writer. Offered a study of historical and political systems. Notable works include The Spirit of Laws. His work reflected the ideals of tolerance and justice.
• Rousseau: A Swiss-French philosopher. Focus on the importance of human nature. Notable works include The Social Contract and Emile . His ideas emphasized the natural goodness of humanity but criticized the corrupting effects of society.
• Diderot: A French philosopher. Dedicated 25 years to the publication of the Encyclopedia. His views on religion and politics were revolutionary. His ideas included the role of the individual and emphasis on reason. Known works include The Encyclopedia.

General Information

• The documents are about the 18th century, covering its context, literature, important philosophers, and their views on social issues, and political thought.
• The 18th-century works discussed reflect Enlightenment ideals in philosophy, literature, and politics.

تناقش هذه المسابقة المواضيع الرئيسية لعصر التنوير في القرن الثامن عشر، بما في ذلك الأفكار التي طرحها المفكرون مثل فولتير. كما تستعرض تأثير الأدب في مواجهة تجاوزات الفترة وأهمية العقلانية واحترام كرامة الإنسان.