علم الفطريات

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Questions and Answers

ما هو تعريف علم الفطريات؟

دراسة الفطريات (correct)
دراسة البكتيريا
دراسة النباتات
دراسة الحيوانات

الفطريات تمتلك الكلوروفيل.

False (B)

ما هي الخصائص الأربع الرئيسية للفطريات؟

التمثيل الضوئي
وحيدة الخلية
غير ذاتية التغذية (correct)
تتكون من خلايا حقيقية النوى (correct)

كيف تحصل الفطريات على الغذاء؟

من خلال الامتصاص Signup and view all the answers

ما الذي يُستخدم لفطريات الخميرة في صناعة الطعام؟

جعل العجين يرتفع (B), فيتامينات (D) Signup and view all the answers

الفطريات يمكن أن تعيش في جميع البيئات.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

ما دور الفطريات في الأنظمة البيئية؟

تدوير العناصر الكيميائية الحيوية. Signup and view all the answers

ما هي الفطريات التي تُستخدم في صناعة الجبن؟

بنسيليوم (C), عفن الجبن (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does karyogamy refer to in the sexual life cycle of fungi?

Fusion of haploid nuclei from two parents (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs first in the sexual reproduction of fungi?

Plasmogamy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant feature of karyogamy in many fungi?

It can be delayed for various lengths of time. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In fungi, what is meant by the term plasmogamy?

The cytoplasmic fusion of two parents (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the timing of karyogamy and plasmogamy?

Karyogamy occurs significantly later than plasmogamy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which method of reproduction can the zygomycete Rhizopus use?

Both asexual and sexual reproduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of zygosporangia in zygomycetes?

They are resistant to both freezing and drying (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes zygospores produced by zygomycetes?

They form in a protective structure called zygosporangium (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does the zygomycete Rhizopus adapt to varying environmental conditions?

Through the formation of resistant zygosporangia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the adaptive strategy of zygosporangia in Rhizopus?

They enable survival during unfavorable conditions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of fungi in ecosystems?

As decomposers and symbionts (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a potential negative impact of fungi?

Some fungi are pathogens (A) Signup and view all the answers

Fungi are essential for which of the following functions in an ecosystem?

Decomposing organic matter (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi primarily obtain nutrients?

Through absorption after breaking down organic material (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between fungi and ecosystems?

Fungi are crucial for nutrient cycling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which fungi reproduce?

By releasing spores (A) Signup and view all the answers

What stage do many fungi go through during their lifecycle?

Heterokaryotic stage (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do fungi contribute to ecosystems?

By decomposing organic materials (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways spores can be produced by fungi?

Sexually and asexually (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fungi is true?

Fungi are essential for the decomposition of organic matter (D) Signup and view all the answers

How old are the oldest undisputed fossil fungi?

460 million years (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which geological period did the first vascular plants and petrified mycorrhizae appear?

Late Silurian period (C) Signup and view all the answers

What significant biological development coincided with the existence of the oldest known fungal fossils?

The colonization of land by plants (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are petrified mycorrhizae significant in the context of early land colonization?

They showcase early plant interactions with fungi (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the oldest fungi fossils and vascular plants?

Fossil fungi and vascular plants were contemporaneous. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

علم الفطريات

هو دراسة الفطريات.

الفطريات

كائنات حقيقية النواة، غير ذاتية التغذية، تحتاج إلى العناصر الغذائية العضوية للنمو.