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Questions and Answers
What is the primary proposition of Democritus's Theory of the Atom?
What is the primary proposition of Democritus's Theory of the Atom?
What law did Antoine Lavoisier introduce to the field of chemistry?
What law did Antoine Lavoisier introduce to the field of chemistry?
Which statement accurately reflects a point of John Dalton's Atomic Theory?
Which statement accurately reflects a point of John Dalton's Atomic Theory?
What model of the atom did J.J. Thomson create based on his experiments?
What model of the atom did J.J. Thomson create based on his experiments?
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What was the significant discovery made by J.J. Thomson using the cathode ray tube?
What was the significant discovery made by J.J. Thomson using the cathode ray tube?
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What was the primary purpose of the Gold Foil Experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford?
What was the primary purpose of the Gold Foil Experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford?
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Which of the following best describes the Law of Definite Proportions as stated by Dalton?
Which of the following best describes the Law of Definite Proportions as stated by Dalton?
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What was one of the limitations of Dalton's Atomic Theory?
What was one of the limitations of Dalton's Atomic Theory?
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Study Notes
A Brief History of the Atom - Part 1
- Democritus proposed the "Atomos" theory, suggesting all matter is composed of indivisible particles
- He created the Solid Sphere Model of the atom (400 BC)
- Antoine Lavoisier developed the Law of Conservation of Mass, stating mass of reactants equals mass of products formed
- This is crucial for balancing chemical equations and calculating theoretical yields
- John Dalton's Atomic Theory combined existing concepts with new research
- Atoms are indivisible and indestructible (later proven false)
- Atoms of the same element are identical (later proven false due to isotopes and ions)
- Atoms of different elements are different
- Atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
- Dalton introduced the Law of Conservation of Mass and Law of Definite Proportions.
- Law of Definite Proportions states every compound has fixed proportions of elements by mass (example is Percent Composition)
Further Atomic Model Development
- J.J. Thomson used the Cathode Ray Tube to discover the electron, which was originally called a corpuscle
- He developed the "Plum Pudding" model, depicting a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within
- Ernest Rutherford's Gold Foil experiment revealed a dense, positively charged nucleus at the atom's center
- This contradicted the Plum Pudding model by showing the atom has a tiny, dense, positive core.
- Rutherford also discovered the proton
Chadwick's Contribution
- James Chadwick discovered the neutron, another subatomic particle within the nucleus.
- This discovery further refined the understanding of the atom's structure.
- Chadwick's finding was part of a follow-up to Rutherford's experiments on the nucleus.
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Description
Explore the foundational theories of atomic structure from Democritus to John Dalton in this quiz. Discover how early ideas evolved into modern atomic theory, including crucial laws of conservation and proportions. Test your knowledge on key concepts that shaped our understanding of matter.
