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The endomembrane system when homogenized is broken up into vesicles, which are heterogeneous but similar in size. These vesicles can be purified and, after purification, often retain their biological activity. They are collectively referred to as ____
The endomembrane system when homogenized is broken up into vesicles, which are heterogeneous but similar in size. These vesicles can be purified and, after purification, often retain their biological activity. They are collectively referred to as ____
Studies of cell physiology that occur in test tubes that do not contain whole cells are called ____
Studies of cell physiology that occur in test tubes that do not contain whole cells are called ____
A cellular phenomenon called RNA interference is a process in which cells produce small RNAs called ____ that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit the translation of these mRNAs into proteins
A cellular phenomenon called RNA interference is a process in which cells produce small RNAs called ____ that bind to specific mRNAs and inhibit the translation of these mRNAs into proteins
What is the arrangement of organelles in a secretory cell from the basal end to the apical end, an arrangement that reflects the flow of secretory products from synthesis to discharge?
What is the arrangement of organelles in a secretory cell from the basal end to the apical end, an arrangement that reflects the flow of secretory products from synthesis to discharge?
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What appears to be the purpose of molecular chaperones like BiP?
What appears to be the purpose of molecular chaperones like BiP?
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Which of the proteins below is (are) not made on the membrane-bound ribosomes of the RER?
Which of the proteins below is (are) not made on the membrane-bound ribosomes of the RER?
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Vesicles that move through the Golgi Complex from a trans-donor to a cis-acceptor membrane are said to move in a(n) _____ direction
Vesicles that move through the Golgi Complex from a trans-donor to a cis-acceptor membrane are said to move in a(n) _____ direction
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Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?
Which coated vesicles move materials in a retrograde direction from the ERGIC and Golgi stack backwards toward the ER?
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The retrieval sequence for the escaped protein is
The retrieval sequence for the escaped protein is
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Where in the Golgi complex does most protein sorting occur?
Where in the Golgi complex does most protein sorting occur?
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What type of collagen is non-fibrillar?
What type of collagen is non-fibrillar?
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Which of the following is not TRUE about glycosaminoglycans
Which of the following is not TRUE about glycosaminoglycans
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Collagen family members consist of
Collagen family members consist of
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Type I collagen mutation cause fragile bones, thin skin and weak tendon. This condition is called
Type I collagen mutation cause fragile bones, thin skin and weak tendon. This condition is called
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Degradation of extracellular matrix is accomplished by
Degradation of extracellular matrix is accomplished by
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The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called
The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called
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Epidermolysis bullosa, an inherited blistering disease, is caused by ________.
Epidermolysis bullosa, an inherited blistering disease, is caused by ________.
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Tight junctions are specialized contacts between epithelial cells and form the blood-brain barrier.
Tight junctions are specialized contacts between epithelial cells and form the blood-brain barrier.
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Animals lacking the claudin-1 gene suffered from ___________.
Animals lacking the claudin-1 gene suffered from ___________.
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N-cadherin expressed in
N-cadherin expressed in
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You disaggregate cells from two different developing organs and mix them together. Initially, they form a mixed clump. What happens next?
You disaggregate cells from two different developing organs and mix them together. Initially, they form a mixed clump. What happens next?
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The loss of cadherin function may be instrumental in what disease state?
The loss of cadherin function may be instrumental in what disease state?
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Desmosomes are particularly numerous in tissues _____________.
Desmosomes are particularly numerous in tissues _____________.
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Which of the following is not TRUE for ECM
Which of the following is not TRUE for ECM
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RGD peptide acts as a competitive inhibitor to Fibrinogen/Integrin interaction
RGD peptide acts as a competitive inhibitor to Fibrinogen/Integrin interaction
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Which of the following is not TRUE for metastatic cells
Which of the following is not TRUE for metastatic cells
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Which one integrates the extracellular and intracellular environments?
Which one integrates the extracellular and intracellular environments?
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You coat a Petri dish with fibronectin and proteoglycans and culture cells on the dish. The cells adhere to the dish. You repeat the experiment but this time add RGD tripeptides to the culture dish as the cells are added. What happens?
You coat a Petri dish with fibronectin and proteoglycans and culture cells on the dish. The cells adhere to the dish. You repeat the experiment but this time add RGD tripeptides to the culture dish as the cells are added. What happens?
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Which of the following is composed of three polypeptide chains and linked by disulfide bonds.
Which of the following is composed of three polypeptide chains and linked by disulfide bonds.
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Which statement is/are correct about antioxidants
Which statement is/are correct about antioxidants
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Collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent cross-links between _____ and ____ residues on adjacent collagen molecules.
Collagen fibrils are strengthened by covalent cross-links between _____ and ____ residues on adjacent collagen molecules.
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Basement membranes contain Type IV collagen, a nonfibrillar collagen organized in a flattened network. The Type IV collagen trimer has some interspersed nonhelical segments. What property does this confer upon basement membranes?
Basement membranes contain Type IV collagen, a nonfibrillar collagen organized in a flattened network. The Type IV collagen trimer has some interspersed nonhelical segments. What property does this confer upon basement membranes?
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What substance joins proteoglycans together into gigantic complexes called proteoglycan aggregates? These complexes can occupy very large volumes.
What substance joins proteoglycans together into gigantic complexes called proteoglycan aggregates? These complexes can occupy very large volumes.
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The degradation of the extracellular matrix, along with cell surface proteins, is accomplished mostly by a _____-containing enzyme family called _______.
The degradation of the extracellular matrix, along with cell surface proteins, is accomplished mostly by a _____-containing enzyme family called _______.
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What integral membrane protein family made of two membrane-spanning chains (a and b) is involved in attaching cells to their extracellular microenvironment?
What integral membrane protein family made of two membrane-spanning chains (a and b) is involved in attaching cells to their extracellular microenvironment?
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The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called inside-out signaling
The activation of a membrane integrin by the binding of its cytoplasmic portion to molecules in the cytoplasm and the resultant increase in its affinity for an extracellular ligand is called inside-out signaling
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The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used what substance as an electron source for photosynthesis?
The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used what substance as an electron source for photosynthesis?
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The orderly sac like structure in chloroplast is called
The orderly sac like structure in chloroplast is called
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Chloroplast are predominantly located in the
Chloroplast are predominantly located in the
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What is the key molecule in C4 plants that combines with carbon dioxide?
What is the key molecule in C4 plants that combines with carbon dioxide?
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The initial product of carbon fixation contains ____ carbons, but it breaks down into two compounds containing _____ carbons.
The initial product of carbon fixation contains ____ carbons, but it breaks down into two compounds containing _____ carbons.
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Algal cultures in sealed containers were exposed to radiolabeled [14C]O2 for a brief incubation period. Soluble molecules were extracted from the algae and subjected to 2D-paper chromatography. How many carbons are found in the most predominant spot on the chromatogram?
Algal cultures in sealed containers were exposed to radiolabeled [14C]O2 for a brief incubation period. Soluble molecules were extracted from the algae and subjected to 2D-paper chromatography. How many carbons are found in the most predominant spot on the chromatogram?
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Plastocyanin transfer electrons to
Plastocyanin transfer electrons to
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In chloroplasts, a proton gradient is established with a higher concentration of protons found in the thylakoid lumen and a lower concentration in the stroma.
In chloroplasts, a proton gradient is established with a higher concentration of protons found in the thylakoid lumen and a lower concentration in the stroma.
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What is the waste product of photolysis?
What is the waste product of photolysis?
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The excited PSII reaction-center pigment (P680*) transfers a single photoexcited electron to a closely associated, chlorophyll-like molecule called _________.
The excited PSII reaction-center pigment (P680*) transfers a single photoexcited electron to a closely associated, chlorophyll-like molecule called _________.
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Pheophytin passes electrons to
Pheophytin passes electrons to
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Absorption of light by PSI leads to the formation of P680+ that acts as an oxidizing agent and pulls electrons from water
Absorption of light by PSI leads to the formation of P680+ that acts as an oxidizing agent and pulls electrons from water
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Conversion of 6 molecules of carbon dioxide
Conversion of 6 molecules of carbon dioxide
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The minimum number of photons needed to make one molecule of O2 during photosynthesis are
The minimum number of photons needed to make one molecule of O2 during photosynthesis are
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The chlorophyll porphyrin ring contains
The chlorophyll porphyrin ring contains
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Condensation of carbon dioxide with Ribulose bisphosphate results in generation of a short lived intermediate that rapidly converts into 3-phosphoglycerate
Condensation of carbon dioxide with Ribulose bisphosphate results in generation of a short lived intermediate that rapidly converts into 3-phosphoglycerate
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Which one is NOT true about noncyclic phosphorylation?
Which one is NOT true about noncyclic phosphorylation?
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Select the statements that true for C3 plants
Select the statements that true for C3 plants
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Chlorophyll a has a methyl group but chlorophyll b is more polar because of the CHO group
Chlorophyll a has a methyl group but chlorophyll b is more polar because of the CHO group
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Select all that apply to herbicides mode of action
Select all that apply to herbicides mode of action
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Which photosystem is involved in cyclic photophosphorylation?
Which photosystem is involved in cyclic photophosphorylation?
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What is readily available stored source of energy in muscles to create ATP when some exhaust its mitochondrial ATP?
What is readily available stored source of energy in muscles to create ATP when some exhaust its mitochondrial ATP?
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The glucose transporter is an example of
The glucose transporter is an example of
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Mary has O blood group. Which of the following statement is correct for Mary's blood group.
Mary has O blood group. Which of the following statement is correct for Mary's blood group.
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Select which statement is true for the initiation of action potential
Select which statement is true for the initiation of action potential
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