129 Questions
Which is not a disease of the skeletal system?
neuropathy
Which of the following is a genetic condition that affects bones?
osteogenesis imperfecta
What type of bone is the hip bone?
irregular bone
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: cruciate
not a bone
what type of bone forms the skull?
flat bone
Which structure in the skeletal system is responsible for lubrication and shock absorption?
cartilage
What type of bone is the carpal?
short bone
Which structure in the skeletal system is responsible for linking bones to other bones to stabilize the articulation?
ligaments
The axial skeleton is associated with which function?
protection of the internal organs
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: pectoral girdle
appendicular
What are two major bones of the skull?
Cranium, Mandible
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: mandible
axial
Hematopoiesis is the:
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: scapula
appendicular
Which of the following bones is properly matched with its function?
Clavicle -- helps keep the shoulder in place
Which structure in the skeletal system is responsible for connecting bones to muscles?
tendon
What type of bones are the vertebrae?
irregular bone
Which part of the skeletal system has more articulations with greater range of motion?
appendicular
What type of bone is the humerus?
long bone
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: sternum
axial
Choose if the following word is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton, or if it is not a bone at all: fibula
appendicular
Which nanostructure is responsible for tensile resistance in bone?
collagen
Which of the following is properly matched with its function?
All of the above are correctly matched with their function
Which nanostructure is responsible for compression resistance in cartilage?
proteoglycans
Which nanostructure is responsible for compression resistance in bone?
proteoglycans
Which classification of bone has a collection of specialized cells, organic extracellular matrix proteins, and and inorganic salt crystals?
both
Hydroxyapatite is:
an inorganic mixture containing calcium and phosphate
In osteogenesis imperfecta, which molecule is altered?
collagen
Which cells secrete osteoid?
osteoblasts
Which cells transform within the bone?
osteoblasts become osteocytes
What is not an inorganic component of bone?
collagen
For which type of fracture would serious reconstructive measures be needed?
comminuted fracture
For the following, identify the macroscopic structures of compact bone: Compact bone
osteons
The main role of osteocytes is to:
act as mechanical sensors
How can reduced force on the cartilage in articulations, such as that experienced by astronauts in microgravity, lead to cell loss in cartilage?
There is reduced fluid motion to the cells embedded in the cartilage.
A main role of proteoglycans in bone is to:
attract water that acts to cushion compression
Which of the following fractures is not properly matched with its description?
Simple fracture -- ends of the broken bone break through the skin
Bones store calcium for use in the rest of the body. How is the homeostasis of calcium controlled?
hormones from the endocrine system
Which cells are osteoporosis drugs intended to inhibit?
osteoclasts
Increased levels of calcitonin hormone may cause what?
low calcium levels in the blood
Which hormones act against one another with calcium levels?
parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
How does vitamin D help maintain bones?
It increases calcium absorption from the diet.
Which of the following is not a result of rickets?
Bowed legs in adults
Which of the following structures allow external mechanical information to be quickly transmitted?
Canaliculi
Smooth muscle would be most responsible for:
Determining the diameter of the bronchioles (airways).
Rigor mortis is most directly caused by:
Lack of ATP.
Which of the following is not a major function of muscle tissue?
Production of vitamins.
Moving blood throughout the body.
Tendons that are fused with the connective tissue in muscle.
The different types of muscle tissue differ from each other by:
All of these choices are correct.
The property of muscle that gives it the ability to stretch without damage is :
Extensibility.
The outermost layer of connective tissue surrounding a skeletal muscle is the:
Epimysium.
The type of tendon formed when the connective tissue elements of a skeletal muscle extend as a broad flat layer is called:
Aponeurosis.
The contractile organelles of a skeletal muscle fiber are thread-like structures called:
Myofibrils.
Which of the following is true concerning Muscle Tone?
It helps with stronger movements.
Which of the following connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
To gain speed in motion, third class levers sacrifice what?
Force
Prime mover is another term for which of the following?
Agonist
You can pick up clues about the muscle itself or its action from understanding the complete name of the muscle. What information can you tell about the rectus femoris just from its name?
The direction of fibers and location.
Which of the following is not properly matched with its level of organization?
Sacromere and myofibrils- cell level
While performing pull-ups, a person slowly lowers themselves from the “up” position. This is an example of:
An eccentric isotonic contraction.
In a neuromuscular junction, the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) binding to receptors on the motor end plate lasts only briefly due to:
Rapid destruction of ACh in the synaptic cleft by acetylcholinesterase
In an isometric contraction, the muscle develops tension but does not:
Lengthen
Increasing the number of active motor units within a skeletal muscle is called:
Motor unit recruitment.
Which is a correct sequence of events in the onset of rigor mortis?
Cellular membranes become leaky -> calcium ions leak into the sarcoplasm -> myosin heads bind to actin -> muscles are in a state of rigidity
A triad consists of what components?
One T tubule and two terminal cisternae.
Force generation in a whole skeletal muscle would not be enhanced by:
Increasing the extracellular calcium concentration.
Myoblasts in muscular system perform a similar function to _______ in the skeletal system?
Osteoblasts
Calcium is used to trigger cross-bridge formation during which phase of muscle contraction?
Contraction phase
Skeletal muscles can differ in the time it takes them to generate tension after a stimulus is applied. This is often the result of:
Whether the fiber types are oxidative or glycolytic.
Biceps are predominantly composed of which type of muscle fiber?
Fast glycolytic
Which of the following proteins is used to reinforce the sarcolemma and to help transmit the tension generated by the sarcomeres to the tendons?
Dystrophin
The sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers is used for storing:
Ca2+
Skeletal muscle cells are generally multinucleate because:
They were formed by fusion of more than one cell.
Which of the following statements does not accurately describe aerobic cellular respiration in skeletal muscles?
Lactic acid is continually produced.
A packet of electromagnetic energy.
Photon
X-rays are created in the nucleus and Gamma rays are created at the atomic level. X-rays are usually created by accelerated electrons hitting a target, and gamma rays are emitted from radioactive nuclei.
First sentence is false; second sentence is true
It is created by electrons colliding with inner electrons in the atoms of the metal anode, giving them enough energy to leave the atom.
Characteristic X-rays
Are produce from an accelerated electron bypassing the atomic electrons and coming close to a nucleus in the target.
Bremsstrahlung
A process of reducing the number of X-ray photons in the beam
Attenuation
Is the process by which a neutral atom gains or loses an electron, thus acquiring a net charge.
Ionization
Which of the following is not TRUE about bone remodeling?
is accomplished mainly by osteocytes and osteoid.
Which of the following functions is NOT typically associated with the skeletal system?
facilitating communication between nerve cells.
Which of the following options represents a set of fused bones in adults?
Sacral bone
What type of tissue are bones classified as?
Connective tissue.
Where is the primary site of growth in length during the development of a long bone?
Epiphyseal plate.
What is the name of the connective tissue layer that covers the outer surface of a bone?
Periosteum.
Which of the following statements about a long bone is NOT true?
It is primarily composed of cartilage.
What are the spaces in the matrix of compact bone called, which contain cells known as osteocytes?
Lacunae
When bone growth in length stops, which of the following statements accurately describes the changes that occur in the epiphyseal plates?
The cartilage of each epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone and is called the epiphyseal line.
Which of the following statements about intramembranous ossification is NOT accurate?
It is the process that produces most of the skeletal system.
Which of the following anatomical terms for bone features is NOT accurately matched with its description?
Process—Prominent indentation
Which of the following bones is considered a part of the appendicular skeleton?
Clavicle
What are the two bones of the skull in which teeth are located?
Maxilla and mandible.
What type of ribs attach directly to the sternum by means of costal cartilages?
True
Which of the following sections of the vertebral column is correctly matched with its corresponding number of vertebrae?
Sacral—5 vertebrae fused into one sacrum.
Which of these sections of the vertebral column exhibit a posterior convexity?
Thoracic curvature and sacrum (with coccyx)
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pelvic girdle?
Femur
Which of the following functions is NOT typically associated with the skeletal system?
Nervous system coordination.
Which of the following bones is NOT considered a part of the axial skeleton?
Radius
Which of the following bony features is NOT part of the humerus bone?
Olecranon process
What is the name of the region in the vertebral column that is located in the lower back and consists of five fused vertebrae?
Sacrum
Why are intervertebral discs (IV discs) primarily composed of fibrocartilage?
To act as a shock absorber and cushion between vertebrae.
Which of the following statements about the pectoral girdle is correct?
It consists of the clavicle and scapula.
Which of the following statements about human ribs is accurate?
Ribs are classified as flat bones.
What is the primary characteristic of skeletal muscle?
Striated appearance
Which prefix is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to muscles?
Myo-
What are the connective tissue layers that surround and support individual muscle fibers and bundles of muscle fibers, respectively, within a skeletal muscle?
Endomysium and perimysium
Which of the following characteristics is typically associated with smooth muscles?
Involuntary control
What is the unique feature of cardiac muscle cells that distinguishes them from skeletal muscle cells?
They are interconnected by intercalated discs.
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles in the human body?
Producing voluntary movement by pulling on bones
What is the term for the specialized cell membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibers?
Sarcolemma
How is the sarcomere, the fundamental unit of muscle contraction, organized at the molecular level, and what are the key components that play a role in its structure and function?
Actin and myosin filaments
What role does the sarcoplasmic reticulum play in muscle cells, and how does it contribute to the regulation of muscle contraction?
Storing and releasing calcium ions
Which of the following properties of skeletal muscle refers to the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus?
Irritability
Which of the following statements accurately describes the role of neuromuscular junctions?
They facilitate communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers.
What is the synaptic cleft, and what is its function in the transmission of nerve signals?
It is the gap between the axon terminal and the target cell.
Which of the following statements accurately describes action potentials?
Brief, rapid changes in membrane potential along the axon.
How does the sliding filament theory explain the mechanism of muscle contraction?
It outlines how myosin and actin filaments slide past each other during muscle contraction.
What are the key differences between muscle twitch and muscle tetanus?
Muscle twitch is caused by a single action potential, whereas muscle tetanus results from multiple, rapid action potentials.
What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction?
Muscle contraction primarily depends on the breakdown of ATP.
Which characteristic is associated with isotonic contractions in muscle physiology?
Myofilaments are able to slide past each other during contractions.
What is the significance of the origin and insertion points in the study of muscle anatomy?
The origin is typically proximal and remains fixed during muscle contraction, while the insertion is typically distal and moves during contraction.
What distinguishes a prime mover muscle from an antagonist muscle in the context of muscle function?
Prime mover muscles are primarily responsible for causing a specific movement, while antagonist muscles work to oppose or reverse that same movement.
What characterizes extension movement in the context of joint motion?
It involves the straightening or increasing of the angle between two bones at a joint.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the biceps brachii muscle and its primary action?
It is a skeletal muscle located in the upper arm and is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow.
What is the primary action of the deltoid muscle in the human body?
It is the major muscle responsible for abducting the arm at the shoulder joint.
Where is the gastrocnemius muscle located in the human body, and what is its primary action?
It is a muscle in the calf region and plays a major role in plantarflexion of the foot.
What is the primary action and location of the quadriceps muscles in the human body?
The quadriceps muscles are found in the thigh and are primarily responsible for extending the knee joint.
What are the key characteristics of hamstring muscles in the human body?
Hamstring muscles are located in the posterior thigh and are primarily responsible for knee flexion.
Test your knowledge of the skeletal system with this quiz. Identify diseases, genetic conditions, bone types, and skeletal structures. Determine whether given words are part of the axial or appendicular skeleton or not bones at all.
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