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Combined Moorish and Gothic elements with
naturalistic forms, their textured, undulating shapes recall waves, sea coral, and fish bones.
Combined Moorish and Gothic elements with naturalistic forms, their textured, undulating shapes recall waves, sea coral, and fish bones.
An approach to urban planning characterized by
monumentally placed buildings, grand promenades,
spacious plazas, and classical sculpture.
An approach to urban planning characterized by monumentally placed buildings, grand promenades, spacious plazas, and classical sculpture.
Used nature-inspired or “organic” decorations to humanize his imposing structure.
Used nature-inspired or “organic” decorations to humanize his imposing structure.
World’s largest steel suspension bridge.
World’s largest steel suspension bridge.
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School of Fine Arts established in 1819 by the French
government. The school taught a way of organizing a
building into a balanced hierarchy of spatial elements
and planning principles.
School of Fine Arts established in 1819 by the French government. The school taught a way of organizing a building into a balanced hierarchy of spatial elements and planning principles.
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“Form (ever) follows function.”
“Form (ever) follows function.”
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a comprehensive planning document for the development of the monumental core and the
park system of Washington, D.C.
a comprehensive planning document for the development of the monumental core and the park system of Washington, D.C.
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Industrial revolution, vast economic and social
upheavals, stemming from mechanization and mass
production, required new building types for industry,
commerce, and transportation
Industrial revolution, vast economic and social upheavals, stemming from mechanization and mass production, required new building types for industry, commerce, and transportation
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Symmetrical plans and eclectic use of
architectural features. Often gives a massive, elaborate, and
ostentatious effect.
Symmetrical plans and eclectic use of architectural features. Often gives a massive, elaborate, and ostentatious effect.
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Considered as the first skyscraper.
Considered as the first skyscraper.
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A visionary plan meant to bring urban
life to the country; a low-density settlement with small establishments and an acre of land for each family
A visionary plan meant to bring urban life to the country; a low-density settlement with small establishments and an acre of land for each family
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The invention of elevator and more sophisticated
heating, plumbing, and electric lighting systems
made the higher spaces as accessible and
comfortable as the lower ones.
The invention of elevator and more sophisticated heating, plumbing, and electric lighting systems made the higher spaces as accessible and comfortable as the lower ones.
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Based on geometric motifs, streamlined and
curvilinear forms, sharply defined outlines. Uses bold colors and synthetic materials (plastics).
Based on geometric motifs, streamlined and curvilinear forms, sharply defined outlines. Uses bold colors and synthetic materials (plastics).
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Believed that buildings should be spread out
horizontally. And a promoter of organic architecture.
Believed that buildings should be spread out horizontally. And a promoter of organic architecture.
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His greatest contribution to the skyscraper was the
organizing of its identical, stacked floors to express a
strong visual identity. (Three levels: base, shaft, and
top floor)
His greatest contribution to the skyscraper was the organizing of its identical, stacked floors to express a strong visual identity. (Three levels: base, shaft, and top floor)
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based on the return to craftsmanship and
the integration of art, design, and architecture.
based on the return to craftsmanship and the integration of art, design, and architecture.
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Also called Style Moderne.
Also called Style Moderne.
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Art Nouveau in Germany
Art Nouveau in Germany
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Art Nouveau in Italy
Art Nouveau in Italy
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Characterized by fluid, undulating motifs, often derived from natural forms.
Characterized by fluid, undulating motifs, often derived from natural forms.
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Art Nouveau in France
Art Nouveau in France
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Art Nouveau in Spain
Art Nouveau in Spain
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Art Nouveau in Australia
Art Nouveau in Australia
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“The Style”; use of black and white with the
primary colors rectangular forms, and asymmetry
(inspired by a Mondrian painting).
“The Style”; use of black and white with the primary colors rectangular forms, and asymmetry (inspired by a Mondrian painting).
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A European movement that generated jagged and
dynamic forms in both painting and architecture
A European movement that generated jagged and dynamic forms in both painting and architecture
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Shapes are often of irregular contours and
resemble forms found in nature.
Shapes are often of irregular contours and resemble forms found in nature.
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A building should be functional, harmonizes
with its natural environment, and forms an
integrated whole.
A building should be functional, harmonizes with its natural environment, and forms an integrated whole.
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Expression of construction was to be the basis
for all building design; emphasizes on functional
machine parts.
Expression of construction was to be the basis for all building design; emphasizes on functional machine parts.
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Functional architecture devoid of regional
characteristics.
Simple geometric forms, large untextured
surfaces (often white), large areas of glass, and
general use of steel or reinforced concrete
construction.
Functional architecture devoid of regional characteristics. Simple geometric forms, large untextured surfaces (often white), large areas of glass, and general use of steel or reinforced concrete construction.
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A school in Germany founded by Walter Gropius
Synthesis of technology, craft, and design
aesthetics
Emphasis on functional design (“form follows
function”).
A school in Germany founded by Walter Gropius Synthesis of technology, craft, and design aesthetics Emphasis on functional design (“form follows function”).
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Le Corbusier real name
Le Corbusier real name
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The Five Points of Architecture
The Five Points of Architecture
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More complex, sculptural shapes in concrete.
More complex, sculptural shapes in concrete.
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An apartment block with 23 different unit types
An apartment block with 23 different unit types
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Reflected the architect’s five points of architecture
Reflected the architect’s five points of architecture
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A visionary scheme of highly ordered groupings of skyscrapers
A visionary scheme of highly ordered groupings of skyscrapers
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“Less is more.”
“Less is more.”
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“Nature, not the machine, should serve as the model
for architecture.”
“Nature, not the machine, should serve as the model for architecture.”
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“The house is a machine for
living in.”
“The house is a machine for living in.”
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Best known for developing boxy, steel-and-glass
architecture for nearly every purpose - from houses to
skyscrapers.
Best known for developing boxy, steel-and-glass architecture for nearly every purpose - from houses to skyscrapers.
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Finnish architect; one of the first modernists to fuse
technology with craft. Humanized modernism with curved walls and roofs
and wood-finished interiors. He was also sensitive to
the contours of the land and to a building’s orientation
to daylight.
Finnish architect; one of the first modernists to fuse technology with craft. Humanized modernism with curved walls and roofs and wood-finished interiors. He was also sensitive to the contours of the land and to a building’s orientation to daylight.
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Used advances in structural systems to create
sculpturally expressive buildings.
Used advances in structural systems to create sculpturally expressive buildings.
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A renewed appreciation for the rich traditions of
architecture past.
A renewed appreciation for the rich traditions of architecture past.
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Exemplifies his mastery of natural illumination.
Exemplifies his mastery of natural illumination.
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“Architectural form should reflect a building’s social
purpose.”
“Architectural form should reflect a building’s social purpose.”
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Architects began enlivening facades with color,
pattern, and ornaments.
Architects began enlivening facades with color, pattern, and ornaments.
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His buildings followed a unique design direction
according to the particulars of their site and purpose.
His buildings followed a unique design direction according to the particulars of their site and purpose.
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“Less is a bore.”
“Less is a bore.”
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His work is often compared to ancient monuments. Composed of circles, squares, and triangles, his
designs were constructed of rough concrete and brick
to convey a massive primal quality.
His work is often compared to ancient monuments. Composed of circles, squares, and triangles, his designs were constructed of rough concrete and brick to convey a massive primal quality.
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Divided clustered towers into “served” and
“servant” spaces, an architectural principle that is still followed today
Divided clustered towers into “served” and “servant” spaces, an architectural principle that is still followed today
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International Style
International Style
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Once an advocate of the International Style, became
one of postmodernism’s biggest promoters.
Once an advocate of the International Style, became one of postmodernism’s biggest promoters.
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Incorporated decorative, historical references within
his abstract designs. His architecture often has a childlike, cartoonish
quality, shown to exaggerated effect.
Incorporated decorative, historical references within his abstract designs. His architecture often has a childlike, cartoonish quality, shown to exaggerated effect.
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Proponent of New Brutalism and high-tech. He sculpted his buildings to convey solidity.
Proponent of New Brutalism and high-tech. He sculpted his buildings to convey solidity.
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Functional architecture devoid of regional
characteristics
Functional architecture devoid of regional characteristics
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A cultural acropolis of six building situated high above a Los Angeles
freeway.
A cultural acropolis of six building situated high above a Los Angeles freeway.
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The tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere.
The tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere.
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Using bent, angled and exploded forms to represent
the uncertainty of our times.
Using bent, angled and exploded forms to represent the uncertainty of our times.
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“there is no fixed truth but only multiple
interpretations.”
“there is no fixed truth but only multiple interpretations.”
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Mechanical ducts are kept hidden; prefers a slick, clean skin of metal
and glass that is articulated by structure.
Mechanical ducts are kept hidden; prefers a slick, clean skin of metal and glass that is articulated by structure.
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Architects of Centre Pompidou
Architects of Centre Pompidou
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Spans 80,000 sq.m.; largest fabric-covered structure in the world.
Spans 80,000 sq.m.; largest fabric-covered structure in the world.
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Used to describe massive modern architecture built of reinforced concrete, with the concrete’s rough,
abrasive surfaces left exposed.
Used to describe massive modern architecture built of reinforced concrete, with the concrete’s rough, abrasive surfaces left exposed.
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Inspired by the _________ (raw concrete) used by Le Corbusier in his later buildings.
Inspired by the _________ (raw concrete) used by Le Corbusier in his later buildings.
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Using the technology of building in a highly expressive way.
Using the technology of building in a highly expressive way.
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The innards of the building are placed on the
exterior.
The innards of the building are placed on the exterior.
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Neoclassic style with native American materials
Neoclassic style with native American materials
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