78 Questions
Define a closed system
A system where energy crosses the boundaries but matter does not
Define negative feedback
Feedback that reduces fluctuations in the system, thus reversing the output of a system. It promotes self-regulation and re-establishing equilibrium
Match each of the following
Atmosphere = The gaseous shell that surrounds Earth Litosphere = The outer, solid part of Earth that is about 70 km thick and includes the uppermost part of the asthenosphere and the crust Hydrosphere = The part of Earth where water, in all its forms, flows and is stored Biosphere = The portion of Earth and its atmosphere that supports life.
Match
relative location = The position of a place or location relative to other places or locations absolute location = A precise system of locating a place in space, usually using latitude and longitude great circles = Circles that pass through the centre of the Earth and that divide the planet into equal halves small circles = Circles that intersect the Earth’s surface and that do not pass through the centre of the planet.
Match
low latitudes = The zone of latitude that lies between about 35° N and 35° S midlatitudes = The zone of latitude that lies between about 35° and 55° in both hemispheres high latitudes = The zone of latitude that lies from about 55° to 90° in both hemispheres longitude = The part of the Earth’s grid system that determines location east and west of the Prime Meridian
Match
map scale = The distance ratio that exists between features on a map and the real world small-scale map = A map that shows a relatively large geographic area with a relatively low level of detail. large-scale map = A map that shows a relatively small geographic area with a relatively high level of detail. spatial resolution = The area on the ground that can be viewed in detail from the air or space
The definition of a topographic map is: A map that displays elevation data regarding the Earth’s surface
True
Match
conformal projection = A map that maintains the correct shape of features on the Earth but distorts their relative size to one another. conic projection = A projection where the meridians are mapped as equally spaced lines radiating out from the apex, and the parallels are concentric arcs cylindrical projection = Meridians are mapped as equally spaced vertical lines and parallels are mapped as horizontal lines, with meridians and parallels crossing at right angles planar projection = Meridians are mapped as straight lines radiating from a point in the centre of the map, and parallels are complete circles emanating out from the centre of the map.
Due to the coriolis effect, objects in the Northern hemisphere drift _____, while opposite is true in the Southern hemisphere
At the equator speed is...
1600 km/h
1 Revolution of earth takes...
365.242
Match.
perihelion = The point of the Earth’s orbit where the distance between the Earth and Sun is least (~147 million km) aphelion = The point of the Earth’s orbit where the distance between the Earth and Sun is greatest (~152 million km). Tropic of Cancer = The line of latitude at 23.5° N where the subsolar point is located (and angle of incidence is thus 90°) on the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere Tropic of Capricorn = The line of latitude at 23.5° S where the subsolar point is located (and angle of incidence is thus 90°) on the Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere
The earth orbits the sun @ a speed of...
1007 km/h
Earth is tilted at which angle on its axis
23.5
Subsolar point is where the sun is directly
Match.
Spring Equinox = when the subsolar point is located at the Equator (0°). Summer Solstice = when the subsolar point is located at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N). Fall Equinox = when the subsolar point is located at the Equator (0°). Winter Solstice = when the subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S).
the formula for the zenith angle is 90*- elevation or altitude
True
Top of atmosphere is
10,000 km
The o-zone is held by gravity
True
Majority of the ozone gases are stored within 38 km
True
The ozone blocks ultraviolet radiation
True
The atmosphere doesn't retain heat
False
Through friction the atmosphere breaks up debris
True
25% of the atmosphere is oxygen
False
1% of the atmosphere is argon
True
The ozone is mainly in the stratosphere, while also being slightly in the troposphere.
True
chlorofluorocarbons are mainly responsible for creating a hole in the ozone which accumulates in the south pole.
True
Match
radiation = Energy that is transmitted in the form of rays or waves conduction = The transfer of heat energy from one substance to another by direct physical contact convection = A circular cell of moving matter that contains warm material moving up and cooler matter moving down latent heat = (energy stored in water) Heat stored in molecular bonds that cannot be measured
Convection is vertical
True
Advection is side to side (ex, air moving across surface)
True
Match
Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Potential energy = Energy of position (ex. rock falling down a hill) Chemical = Stored in the bonds that are holding molecules together Atomic = separation of atoms.
Match
Radiant = Emitted by an object Heat = Molecules in motion ex. brake bades heating up. shortwave radiation = (Sun) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and near-infrared radiation. longwave radiation = (Earth) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes thermal infrared radiation.
Match the following that adds energy to the environment.
Condensation = Gas to Liquid. Freezing = Liquid to solid. Deposition = gas to solid. Melting = this one does not add energy to the enironment.
Match the following that pulls energy away from the environment.
Evaporation = Liquid to gas. Melting = Solid to liquid. Sublimation = Solid to gas. Freezing = this one does not take away energy in the environment..
Which answer pull energy from the environment.
Melting
Which answer adds energy to the enviroment.
Condensation
What % of the suns energy never makes it to earth
55
Match
Energy that makes it to earth = 45% Diffuse radiation that makes it to earth = 20% Direct radiation that makes it to earth = 25% Earth's Albedo = 31%
Match the following when the earth receives energy from the sun.
Radiative transfer = 46% transferred to atmosphere = 23% Longwave total = 69% Earth's Albedo = 31%
Match
troposphere = The lowermost layer of the atmosphere, which lies between the Earth’s surface and an altitude of about 12 km. stratosphere = The layer of the atmosphere, between the troposphere and mesosphere, that ranges between about 12 km and 50 km in altitude mesosphere = A layer of decreasing temperature in the atmosphere that occurs from about 50 km to 80 km in altitude. thermosphere = The upper layer of the atmosphere, which occurs between about 80 km and 480 km in altitude
The stratosphere, although higher than the troposphere, gets warmer due to the ozone layer
True
On average the the troposphere gets colder by about 6.5* per 1000m in elevation.
True
The mesosphere cools to about which degree range (negative)
80-90
The temperature range for the thermosphere is (positive)
1000-2000
ELR stands for
Environmental Lapse Rate
ELR describes
the drop in temperature as you increase elevation
Match
Low ELR = <6-7*/1000m High ELR = >6-7*/1000m Higher Altitude = Always cooler No answer = No answer
50% of earth is covered by clouds
True
Coldest nights are the clearest nights
True
Soil heats up how many times faster than water
5
Maritime climates have more variation in weather than continental climates
False
Cities are warmer than urban areas
True
In cities longwave radiation is not blocked making the city cooler.
False
More dense air moves to less dense air
True
warmer air moves to cooler air
False
Air pressure is measured in
Millibars
Average sea level pressure is
1013.2 mb
above 1013.2mb is deemed high air pressure
True
Line of equal pressure is called a isobar line
True
Pressure gradient force is the difference in pressure between 2 locations
True
Geostrophic wind is when pressure gradient and coriolis is balanced
True
when friction is a factor, coriolis is less of a factor
True
(N hemisphere) PG+Coriolis+friction=
high to low, turning to right
In the northern hemisphere high pressure air turn counter-clockwise
False
Match
Equatorial = Low Pressure Zone Sub-tropical = High Pressure Zone Sub-Polar = Low Pressure Zone Polar = High Pressure Zone
Match
Sub tropical = World deserts,dynamic Equarorial = thermal, surface air coming in, sky wind going out sub polar = dynamic, polar front, separates warm high from south from cold air in north Polar high = directly over poles, thermal orgin
Match
Ridges = High Trough = Low jet streams = 7-13k m alt polar jet stream = 30-70*N (brings cold)
The subtropical jet stream is 30N-30S
True
Local winds have little connection to global winds
True
land sea breeze
high pressure on water goes to low pressure on land
Top of mountains get hotter during day, while valley is cooler, opposite is true during night.
True
In a downslope wind, the windward side is the side...
pushing over the mountain
in a downslope wind the leeward side is
coming from the mountain
Another word for the leeward side is..
chinook
Monsoonal wind is NOT seasonal
False
Katabatic means winds coming from glaciers
True
monsoonal winds are very dry when the itcz is south and opposite when north
True
Monsoonal environments are dry during the winter and very wet during the summer
True
Test your knowledge of closed systems and negative feedback with this quiz. Match each definition to the correct term and prove your understanding of these concepts.
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