Geo Midterm 1
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Questions and Answers

Define a closed system

  • A system where energy crosses the boundaries but matter does not (correct)
  • A system where matter and energy freely cross the system’s boundaries

    • Define negative feedback

  • Feedback that reduces fluctuations in the system, thus reversing the output of a system. It promotes self-regulation and re-establishing equilibrium (correct)
  • Feedback that amplifies or increases change in the same direction, thus reinforcing the change

    • Match each of the following

    Atmosphere = The gaseous shell that surrounds Earth Litosphere = The outer, solid part of Earth that is about 70 km thick and includes the uppermost part of the asthenosphere and the crust Hydrosphere = The part of Earth where water, in all its forms, flows and is stored Biosphere = The portion of Earth and its atmosphere that supports life.

    Match

    <p>relative location = The position of a place or location relative to other places or locations absolute location = A precise system of locating a place in space, usually using latitude and longitude great circles = Circles that pass through the centre of the Earth and that divide the planet into equal halves small circles = Circles that intersect the Earth’s surface and that do not pass through the centre of the planet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>low latitudes = The zone of latitude that lies between about 35° N and 35° S midlatitudes = The zone of latitude that lies between about 35° and 55° in both hemispheres high latitudes = The zone of latitude that lies from about 55° to 90° in both hemispheres longitude = The part of the Earth’s grid system that determines location east and west of the Prime Meridian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>map scale = The distance ratio that exists between features on a map and the real world small-scale map = A map that shows a relatively large geographic area with a relatively low level of detail. large-scale map = A map that shows a relatively small geographic area with a relatively high level of detail. spatial resolution = The area on the ground that can be viewed in detail from the air or space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The definition of a topographic map is: A map that displays elevation data regarding the Earth’s surface

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>conformal projection = A map that maintains the correct shape of features on the Earth but distorts their relative size to one another. conic projection = A projection where the meridians are mapped as equally spaced lines radiating out from the apex, and the parallels are concentric arcs cylindrical projection = Meridians are mapped as equally spaced vertical lines and parallels are mapped as horizontal lines, with meridians and parallels crossing at right angles planar projection = Meridians are mapped as straight lines radiating from a point in the centre of the map, and parallels are complete circles emanating out from the centre of the map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Due to the coriolis effect, objects in the Northern hemisphere drift _____, while opposite is true in the Southern hemisphere

    Signup and view all the answers

    At the equator speed is...

    <p>1600 km/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1 Revolution of earth takes...

    <p>365.242</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match.

    <p>perihelion = The point of the Earth’s orbit where the distance between the Earth and Sun is least (~147 million km) aphelion = The point of the Earth’s orbit where the distance between the Earth and Sun is greatest (~152 million km). Tropic of Cancer = The line of latitude at 23.5° N where the subsolar point is located (and angle of incidence is thus 90°) on the Summer Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere Tropic of Capricorn = The line of latitude at 23.5° S where the subsolar point is located (and angle of incidence is thus 90°) on the Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The earth orbits the sun @ a speed of...

    <p>1007 km/h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Earth is tilted at which angle on its axis

    <p>23.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Subsolar point is where the sun is directly

    Signup and view all the answers

    Match.

    <p>Spring Equinox = when the subsolar point is located at the Equator (0°). Summer Solstice = when the subsolar point is located at the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N). Fall Equinox = when the subsolar point is located at the Equator (0°). Winter Solstice = when the subsolar point is at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    the formula for the zenith angle is 90*- elevation or altitude

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Top of atmosphere is

    <p>10,000 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The o-zone is held by gravity

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Majority of the ozone gases are stored within 38 km

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ozone blocks ultraviolet radiation

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The atmosphere doesn't retain heat

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Through friction the atmosphere breaks up debris

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    25% of the atmosphere is oxygen

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    1% of the atmosphere is argon

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ozone is mainly in the stratosphere, while also being slightly in the troposphere.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    chlorofluorocarbons are mainly responsible for creating a hole in the ozone which accumulates in the south pole.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>radiation = Energy that is transmitted in the form of rays or waves conduction = The transfer of heat energy from one substance to another by direct physical contact convection = A circular cell of moving matter that contains warm material moving up and cooler matter moving down latent heat = (energy stored in water) Heat stored in molecular bonds that cannot be measured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convection is vertical

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advection is side to side (ex, air moving across surface)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Kinetic energy = energy of motion. Potential energy = Energy of position (ex. rock falling down a hill) Chemical = Stored in the bonds that are holding molecules together Atomic = separation of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Radiant = Emitted by an object Heat = Molecules in motion ex. brake bades heating up. shortwave radiation = (Sun) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and near-infrared radiation. longwave radiation = (Earth) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes thermal infrared radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following that adds energy to the environment.

    <p>Condensation = Gas to Liquid. Freezing = Liquid to solid. Deposition = gas to solid. Melting = this one does not add energy to the enironment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following that pulls energy away from the environment.

    <p>Evaporation = Liquid to gas. Melting = Solid to liquid. Sublimation = Solid to gas. Freezing = this one does not take away energy in the environment..</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which answer pull energy from the environment.

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which answer adds energy to the enviroment.

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What % of the suns energy never makes it to earth

    <p>55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Energy that makes it to earth = 45% Diffuse radiation that makes it to earth = 20% Direct radiation that makes it to earth = 25% Earth's Albedo = 31%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following when the earth receives energy from the sun.

    <p>Radiative transfer = 46% transferred to atmosphere = 23% Longwave total = 69% Earth's Albedo = 31%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>troposphere = The lowermost layer of the atmosphere, which lies between the Earth’s surface and an altitude of about 12 km. stratosphere = The layer of the atmosphere, between the troposphere and mesosphere, that ranges between about 12 km and 50 km in altitude mesosphere = A layer of decreasing temperature in the atmosphere that occurs from about 50 km to 80 km in altitude. thermosphere = The upper layer of the atmosphere, which occurs between about 80 km and 480 km in altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stratosphere, although higher than the troposphere, gets warmer due to the ozone layer

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On average the the troposphere gets colder by about 6.5* per 1000m in elevation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mesosphere cools to about which degree range (negative)

    <p>80-90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temperature range for the thermosphere is (positive)

    <p>1000-2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ELR stands for

    <p>Environmental Lapse Rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ELR describes

    <p>the drop in temperature as you increase elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Low ELR = &lt;6-7*/1000m High ELR = &gt;6-7*/1000m Higher Altitude = Always cooler No answer = No answer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    50% of earth is covered by clouds

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coldest nights are the clearest nights

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soil heats up how many times faster than water

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maritime climates have more variation in weather than continental climates

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cities are warmer than urban areas

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cities longwave radiation is not blocked making the city cooler.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More dense air moves to less dense air

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    warmer air moves to cooler air

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Air pressure is measured in

    <p>Millibars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Average sea level pressure is

    <p>1013.2 mb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    above 1013.2mb is deemed high air pressure

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Line of equal pressure is called a isobar line

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pressure gradient force is the difference in pressure between 2 locations

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geostrophic wind is when pressure gradient and coriolis is balanced

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    when friction is a factor, coriolis is less of a factor

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    (N hemisphere) PG+Coriolis+friction=

    <p>high to low, turning to right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the northern hemisphere high pressure air turn counter-clockwise

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Equatorial = Low Pressure Zone Sub-tropical = High Pressure Zone Sub-Polar = Low Pressure Zone Polar = High Pressure Zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Sub tropical = World deserts,dynamic Equarorial = thermal, surface air coming in, sky wind going out sub polar = dynamic, polar front, separates warm high from south from cold air in north Polar high = directly over poles, thermal orgin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match

    <p>Ridges = High Trough = Low jet streams = 7-13k m alt polar jet stream = 30-70*N (brings cold)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The subtropical jet stream is 30N-30S

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Local winds have little connection to global winds

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    land sea breeze

    <p>high pressure on water goes to low pressure on land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Top of mountains get hotter during day, while valley is cooler, opposite is true during night.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a downslope wind, the windward side is the side...

    <p>pushing over the mountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    in a downslope wind the leeward side is

    <p>coming from the mountain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Another word for the leeward side is..

    <p>chinook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monsoonal wind is NOT seasonal

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Katabatic means winds coming from glaciers

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    monsoonal winds are very dry when the itcz is south and opposite when north

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monsoonal environments are dry during the winter and very wet during the summer

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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