Module 8

<p>Polycythemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Pancreas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yolk sac (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avians (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central Pallor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pleuripotent Hemopoietic Stem Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poietic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Megakaryocte</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proerythroblast (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticulocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>Megakaryocyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythropoietin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythropoietin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>140-150 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100-130 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70-80 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>125-150 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>50-100 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>51-79 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin 12 (Cyanocobalamin) and Folic acid (Pteroylglutamic acid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-40 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Megaloblastic Anemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micryocytic Hypochromic Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mycrocytic Hypochromic Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythroblastosis Fetalis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sickle Cell Anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rubriblast (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basophilic erythrocyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticulocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoxia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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<p>JG cells (juxtaglomerular) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin 12 deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kupffer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spleen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red Bone Marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>a. Kupffer cells b. Alveolar cells (lungs) c. Histiocytes (Liver) d. Microglia (Brain) e. Spleen/Bone marrow sinusoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pernicious Anemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chicken (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemoglobin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Globin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

These cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen to different parts of the body. They also have enzymes that help transport carbon dioxide.

The fluid that transports oxygen, nutrients, and removes waste products.

Red blood cells in mammals are typically shaped like flattened discs with a dip in the center, lack a nucleus, and can't move on their own.

An increase in the number of red blood cells circulating in the blood.

A decrease in the number of red blood cells circulating in the blood.

The ratio of white blood cells to red blood cells is approximately 1:7.

The stage of development of the red blood cell.

Organs involved in the production of blood cells, except the pancreas.

The yolk sac is the primary site of blood cell production during embryonic development.

Red blood cells in birds have a different shape, they are oval, have a nucleus, and are not motile.

The liver, along with the spleen and lymph nodes, is the main organ of blood cell production during the second trimester of gestation.

As red blood cells mature, they decrease in size.

The bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production in later gestation and after birth.

The central pallor is the lighter center of the red blood cell, resulting from the lack of hemoglobin in that area.

The term 'hemo' refers to blood.

The origin of all blood cells is the pleuripotent hemopoietic stem cell.

Poiesis refers to the process of genesis or formation.

In the bone marrow, all blood cells eventually become committed stem cells for the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and megakaryocytes.

The proerythroblast is a nucleated cell where the formation of hemoglobin begins.

Reticulocytes are immature red blood cells that still have a nucleus.

Erythrocytes are mature red blood cells that have lost their nucleus.

The presence of nucleated red blood cells in a blood smear indicates an abnormal condition where maturation is delayed.

Megakaryocytes are large cells that later fragment into platelets.

Iron is an essential component for the formation of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen.

Erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys, is vital for red blood cell formation.

Erythropoietin is secreted by kidney cells in response to low tissue oxygen.

The life span of red blood cells in horses is approximately 140-150 days.

The life span of red blood cells in dogs is approximately 100-130 days.

The life span of red blood cells in cats is approximately 70-80 days.

The life span of red blood cells in adult ruminants is approximately 125-150 days.

The life span of red blood cells in young ruminants is approximately 50-100 days.

The life span of red blood cells in pigs is approximately 51-79 days.

Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin) and folic acid (Pteroylglutamic acid) are essential for the maturation of red blood cells.

The life span of red blood cells in chickens is approximately 20-30 days.

The life span of red blood cells in ducks is approximately 30-40 days.

Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by large red blood cells due to problems with maturation or cell membrane development.

This type of anemia is due to a deficiency in iron and small, pale red blood cells.

This condition occurs when the maternal and fetal blood types are incompatible.

This anemia results from an abnormal hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped.

The rubriblast is the precursor to the proerythroblast and starts the formation of hemoglobin.

Basophilic erythroblasts are immature red blood cells.

An increase in the number of reticulocytes in the blood.

A decrease in oxygen levels in the tissues.

Low tissue oxygenation stimulates the kidneys to release erythropoietin, triggering the production of red blood cells.

The juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) in the kidneys release erythropoietin.

Pernicious Anemia is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12.

Essential substances for red blood cell formation (except calcium).

Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver that remove worn-out red blood cells.

The spleen is an organ that plays a role in filtering blood and removing old red blood cells. It's also responsible for recycling iron from old red blood cells.