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Fraility- when the body has few reserves left and any disturbance can cause multiple health conditions

Chronic illness can not be cured but can be managed, can move from one body part to the other

Acute- occurs suddenly without any warning

Those with chronic can have exacerbations(flare ups), acute can be as a result of long term chronic

Treatment of chronic disease can lead to Iatrogenic complications(by product of healthcare intervention)

Fraility- affects mental and physical associated with sarcopenia-muscle wasting,cognitive impairment,malnutrition S&S- weightloss, unsteady gait, weekness

Athritis- no 1 for activity limitation- osteoathritis, polymyalgia, rhematoid athritis,gout- in descending order

Osteoathritis - degenerative joint disease Joint cartilage becomes thin and damaged S/S joint stiffness relieved by activity joint pain relieved by rest but as it progress rest doesnt relief pain joint instability, cracking knees, hips,fingers

Polymyalgia rheamatica- infllammation of the blood vessels Acute onset fever fatique pain Treatment- corticosteroids-predisone

Rheamatoid Arthritis-Inflammation of joint inflammed joint begin to destroy the lining of the joints(synovial lining) debilitation-weaking and loss of energy Autoimmune disease corticosteriods anti-inflammation joint replacement

Gout- Accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint at the proximal joint of the great toe caused by diet high in Purine medications Treatment- Allopurinol, increase water, reduce purine

Hypertension Normal less than 120 systolic less than 80 diastolic prehypertension 120-139 diastolic 80-89 stage 1 -140-159 diastolic 90-99 stage 2 greater than 160 diastolic greater than 100

Hypertention onset is asymptomatic White coat syndrome- Blood pressure increases when in an hospital setting postural hypertension -orthostatic( blood pressure increases significantly when they change posture)

Coronary Heart Disease(arteriosclerosis)- narrowing of the arteries due to fat deposits As a result of untreated hypertension Can lead to heart attack or Myocardial infarction

S/S of heart attack heartburn(gastrointestinal reflex) nausea and vomiting pain in back abdomen shoulder

S/S of Heart failure SOB Orthopnea- can lie flat weight gain especially lowe extremities

Diabetes Type 1- insulin resistance discovered early in life, the pancreas does not produce insulin Type 2-developed later in life pancreas does not make enough insulin

S/S of diabetes Polydipsia- thirsty Polyuria- too much urination Polyphagia-Hungry weight loss

Complications of Diabetes microvascular- loss of vision (Diabetic Retinopathy), end stage kidney failure- Diabetic Nephropathy Macrovascular-MI, Stroke,Neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease(blood vessels is blocked or narrowed mostly in the legs)

Cerebral vascular accident- Stroke Transcient Ischemic Stroke-blood supply to the brain is briefly interrupted Hemorrahgic stroke- Blood vessel in the brain ruptures Signs of stroke- face looks uneven,arm hanging down, slurred speech

COPD- affects airflow Emphysema- little sputum production, patient are receiving oxygen so look pink Bronchitis- Chronic sputum production, patient is cyanotic- bluish no receiving enough oxygen

Cancer is diff to treat in older adults because they have multiple co-existing disease

Chronic illness trajectory pretrajectory trajectory crisis acute stable unstable downward dying

What refers to when a patient condition stabilizes- Plateaus