Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship between aging, disability, and frailty?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between aging, disability, and frailty?
- Frailty inevitably leads to disability and is synonymous with aging.
- Aging is solely determined by the presence of frailty, which always results in disability.
- Disability is a direct consequence of aging, and frailty is a subset of disability.
- Frailty, disability, and aging are distinct but related concepts; one can experience any combination of these. (correct)
According to the Phenotype Model of frailty, how many of the specified criteria must be met to classify an individual as frail?
According to the Phenotype Model of frailty, how many of the specified criteria must be met to classify an individual as frail?
- At least two criteria.
- At least one criterion.
- At least three criteria. (correct)
- All five criteria must be present.
In the Cumulative Deficit Model, what types of factors are considered when calculating the frailty index?
In the Cumulative Deficit Model, what types of factors are considered when calculating the frailty index?
- Only cognitive factors, such as memory and attention.
- Only physiological factors, such as blood pressure and heart rate.
- Physical, cognitive, physiological, and social factors are all considered. (correct)
- Only physical factors, such as grip strength and walking speed.
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) includes which of the following tests?
The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) includes which of the following tests?
Which of the following pieces of aging simulation equipment is designed to primarily affect balance?
Which of the following pieces of aging simulation equipment is designed to primarily affect balance?
Which of the following cognitive functions is NOT assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)?
Which of the following cognitive functions is NOT assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)?
What is the primary purpose of using cotton balls as aging simulation equipment?
What is the primary purpose of using cotton balls as aging simulation equipment?
A score of 23 or lower on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) typically indicates:
A score of 23 or lower on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) typically indicates:
How do simulation goggles with opaque tape affect the user's vision, and what condition does this simulate?
How do simulation goggles with opaque tape affect the user's vision, and what condition does this simulate?
Which piece of aging simulation equipment would most directly impact performance on the 'Registration' component of the MMSE?
Which piece of aging simulation equipment would most directly impact performance on the 'Registration' component of the MMSE?
Flashcards
Frailty
Frailty
A condition where an individual is less able to tolerate a stressor event, increasing the likelihood of a more negative outcome.
Frailty & Age
Frailty & Age
Frailty increases with age due to cumulative decline in multiple physiological systems.
Phenotype Model
Phenotype Model
Frailty occurs when 3 or more of these criteria are met: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and low physical activity.
Cumulative Deficit Model
Cumulative Deficit Model
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Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB)
Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB)
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Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
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MMSE Score
MMSE Score
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Aging Simulation Equipment
Aging Simulation Equipment
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Study Notes
- Frailty is a condition characterized by a reduced ability to withstand stressors, leading to a higher risk of negative outcomes.
- Frailty differs from aging and disability; not all disabled individuals are frail, and not all frail individuals are elderly.
- The prevalence of frailty rises with age due to the combined decline of multiple physiological systems.
Phenotype Model
- This model defines frailty based on 5 physical criteria.
- An individual is considered frail if they meet 3 or more of these criteria.
- The 5 criteria are: weight loss, exhaustion, weakness (grip strength), slowness (walking speed), and low physical activity.
Cumulative Deficit Model
- A frailty index is calculated based on the accumulation of deficits.
- It Includes a wide range of deficits, such as physical, cognitive, physiological, and social factors (92 deficits).
Physical Frailty Tests – Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB)
- Physical symptoms of frailty associated with aging can be simulated.
- SPPB consists of three tests: Romberg Balance Tests, Gait speed test and Chair stand test.
Romberg Balance Tests
- Side-by-side stand involves standing with feet together.
- Semi-tandem stand involves placing one foot halfway in front of the other.
- Tandem stand involves placing one foot directly in front of the other.
Aging Simulation Equipment Used
- Knee wraps: They restricted normal range of motion and affected balance.
- Over shoes: They created an uneven surface, affecting balance.
- Back braces: They restricted range of motion, impacted balance, and simulated back pain with spikes.
- Headphones & audio player: They played tinnitus sounds.
- Simulation goggles: Opaque tape covered most of the lens to simulate glaucoma.
- Simulation glasses: Scratched lenses simulated cataracts.
Cognitive Frailty Tests – Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE)
- Neurological/cognitive symptoms of frailty associated with aging can be simulated.
- The MMSE is a tool to assess mental status.
Areas Tested by MMSE
- Orientation
- Registration
- Attention & Calculation
- Recall
- Language
Aging Simulation Equipment Used
- Oversized gloves: They affected dexterity.
- Cotton balls: They muffled hearing.
- Simulation goggles: Opaque tape covered most of the lens to simulate glaucoma.
- Simulation glasses: Scratched lenses simulated cataracts.
- A score of 23 or lower on the MMSE indicates some level of cognitive impairment.
- The maximum score on the MMSE is 30.
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