Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a function of cartilage?
Which of the following is a function of cartilage?
What is the composition of bone?
What is the composition of bone?
Which statement about bone healing is true?
Which statement about bone healing is true?
Which type of cartilage is located in areas that are pliable and flexible, such as the pinna of the ear and the epiglottis?
Which type of cartilage is located in areas that are pliable and flexible, such as the pinna of the ear and the epiglottis?
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What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
What is the function of hyaline cartilage?
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How does cartilage receive nutrients?
How does cartilage receive nutrients?
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Which type of cells produce bone matrix?
Which type of cells produce bone matrix?
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Which type of bone formation occurs in the diaphysis?
Which type of bone formation occurs in the diaphysis?
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Where does the formation of secondary ossification centers occur?
Where does the formation of secondary ossification centers occur?
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What is the composition of the epiphyses?
What is the composition of the epiphyses?
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Which type of bone has a very dense, solid structure?
Which type of bone has a very dense, solid structure?
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Which hormone is released when serum calcium is low and stimulates osteoblasts to produce osteoclast stimulating factor?
Which hormone is released when serum calcium is low and stimulates osteoblasts to produce osteoclast stimulating factor?
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What is the function of the periosteum?
What is the function of the periosteum?
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What are the two types of bone formation?
What are the two types of bone formation?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilage?
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Which type of bone has a good blood supply?
Which type of bone has a good blood supply?
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Which statement about bone healing is true?
Which statement about bone healing is true?
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Which type of bone is arranged in osteons, with layers of bone around little canals?
Which type of bone is arranged in osteons, with layers of bone around little canals?
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What is the function of the endosteum?
What is the function of the endosteum?
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What is the composition of the periosteum?
What is the composition of the periosteum?
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Which type of bone formation occurs in flat bones, such as most of the skull?
Which type of bone formation occurs in flat bones, such as most of the skull?
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Which type of cartilage is composed of type II collagen fibers and elastic fibers?
Which type of cartilage is composed of type II collagen fibers and elastic fibers?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of hyaline cartilage?
Which of the following is NOT a function of hyaline cartilage?
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Which type of bone cells produce bone matrix?
Which type of bone cells produce bone matrix?
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Which type of bone tissue is highly vascularized and metabolically active?
Which type of bone tissue is highly vascularized and metabolically active?
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Which of the following is the correct order of events in endochondral ossification?
Which of the following is the correct order of events in endochondral ossification?
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Which part of a long bone consists primarily of spongy bone with a layer of compact bone on the outside?
Which part of a long bone consists primarily of spongy bone with a layer of compact bone on the outside?
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What is the composition of the diaphysis of a long bone?
What is the composition of the diaphysis of a long bone?
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Which of the following is the correct order of events in endochondral ossification?
Which of the following is the correct order of events in endochondral ossification?
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Which type of bone tissue is highly vascularized and metabolically active?
Which type of bone tissue is highly vascularized and metabolically active?
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What is the function of the endosteum?
What is the function of the endosteum?
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Which hormone is released when serum calcium is low and stimulates osteoblasts to produce osteoclast stimulating factor?
Which hormone is released when serum calcium is low and stimulates osteoblasts to produce osteoclast stimulating factor?
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What is the composition of the periosteum?
What is the composition of the periosteum?
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Study Notes
Functions and Types of Cartilage
- Cartilage provides flexibility and support in various structures, allowing for a range of motion.
- Elastic cartilage, found in the pinna of the ear and epiglottis, is pliable due to its composition of type II collagen and elastic fibers.
- Hyaline cartilage functions as a smooth surface for joint movement and supports respiratory structures.
Composition of Bone
- Bone is composed of a mineralized matrix, primarily made of hydroxyapatite, with organic components including collagen fibers (primarily type I) and non-collagenous proteins.
- The epiphyses are primarily made of spongy bone, containing red bone marrow for hematopoiesis, surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone.
- The diaphysis of long bones consists mainly of compact bone, providing structural integrity and strength.
Bone Healing and Formation
- Bone healing involves a series of organized events, starting with hematoma formation and leading to callus formation and hardening into bone.
- Types of bone formation include intramembranous ossification (found in flat bones like the skull) and endochondral ossification, where cartilage is replaced by bone.
- Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses of long bones.
Specific Bone Structures and Cells
- Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, featuring central canals that house blood vessels.
- Osteoblasts are responsible for producing bone matrix, while osteoclasts are involved in bone resorption.
- The periosteum serves as a protective outer layer, providing points for muscle and ligament attachment, and contains osteoprogenitor cells for bone repair.
Hormones and Nutrient Supply
- When serum calcium is low, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released, stimulating osteoblasts to produce osteoclast-stimulating factor for bone resorption, increasing blood calcium levels.
- Cartilage receives nutrients through diffusion, as it lacks a direct blood supply.
Characteristics of Bone Tissue
- Cancellous (spongy) bone is highly vascularized and metabolically active, allowing for efficient nutrient exchange.
- The endosteum lines the inner surface of bones, playing a role in bone growth and repair.
Miscellaneous
- Structural features of cartilage include its avascular nature, making effective nutrient distribution vital for maintenance.
- Hyaline cartilage does not function in structural support as prominently as elastic cartilage does in certain areas.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on how osteoclasts resorb bone with this informative quiz. Learn about the role of cytoplasmic membrane branching and the formation of the clear zone in the bone resorption process. Explore how osteoclasts transfer collagenase and protons to break down bone.
