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Questions and Answers
What was a consequence of the rapid increase in population?
What was a consequence of the rapid increase in population?
Which social group emerged in the eighteenth century due to overseas trade and manufacturing?
Which social group emerged in the eighteenth century due to overseas trade and manufacturing?
What did members of the third estate demand regarding voting in the Estates-General?
What did members of the third estate demand regarding voting in the Estates-General?
What was Rousseau's proposal for a new form of government?
What was Rousseau's proposal for a new form of government?
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What was the response of the third estate when their voting demands were rejected?
What was the response of the third estate when their voting demands were rejected?
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What event triggered the start of the French Revolution in 1789?
What event triggered the start of the French Revolution in 1789?
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Which social class made up 90 percent of the French population during the late eighteenth century?
Which social class made up 90 percent of the French population during the late eighteenth century?
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What major financial action did Louis XVI take to address the country's expenses?
What major financial action did Louis XVI take to address the country's expenses?
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Which tax was directly imposed on the French citizens by the state?
Which tax was directly imposed on the French citizens by the state?
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Which estate was privileged and exempt from paying taxes?
Which estate was privileged and exempt from paying taxes?
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Study Notes
The French Revolution
- The French Revolution marked the end of French monarchy
- The chapter examines the Declaration of the Rights of Man, equality, and freedom
- It also explores anti-colonial movements in India, China, Africa, and South America
- The notes cover all important topics for students studying 9th Grade History
- These notes aid quick revision and help score higher
French Society in the Late 18th Century
- Louis XVI was the King of France in 1774
- France had significant debt due to wars, including supporting the American Revolution
- France was divided into three estates: the First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), and Third Estate (commoners)
- The commoners, comprising 90% of the population, faced significant tax burdens and limited rights
- The First and Second Estates were exempt from paying most taxes
The Struggle to Survive
- Population increase led to a food shortage and rising bread prices
- Low wages and drought worsened the gap between rich and poor
- Economic hardship fueled widespread discontent
A Growing Middle Class
- A prosperous middle class emerged with access to education and new ideas
- This class included professionals like lawyers and administrators
- Their economic standing and education set them apart from the lower classes
- This class championed the end of the privileges accorded to the privileged classes
The Outbreak of the Revolution
- Rumors of the King's intentions to use force against the citizens sparked the 1789 Parisian unrest
- The storming of the Bastille, a royal prison, signified a rejection of royal authority
- The storming of the Bastille marked the beginning of the revolution
- The French public disliked the Bastille as it stood for the absolute power of the monarch
- Parisians reacted to high bread prices by protesting and rioting
- The King did not have the power to impose taxes; rather, he needed consent from a meeting of the Estates-General
- The Third Estate demanded a more equitable voting system
France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy
- The National Assembly drafted a constitution to limit royal power
- This Constitution separated governmental powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches
- Only men who paid significant taxes were granted voting rights
France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic
- Public demands grew for further revolutionary change
- The Jacobin club emerged as a powerful political force
- The Monarchy was abolished in 1792
- Louis XVI was executed
The Reign of Terror
- The period from 1793-1794 is known as the Reign of Terror
- Robespierre was the leader of the Reign of Terror
- His actions sought to purge threats to the republic
A Directory Rules France
- Moderate leaders assumed power after the fall of the Jacobin government
- Political instability led to a rise in military power
Did Women Have a Revolution?
- Women actively participated in the Revolution
- They faced limitations and inequality
- They worked for living conditions, political rights
- The later French government recognized some rights for women
- Women's political clubs were suppressed during the Reign of Terror
The Abolition of Slavery
- Slavery was abolished (1794) in the French colonies
- This revolutionized views on human rights
The Revolution and Everyday Life
- The revolution brought changes to daily life for men, women, and children
- Censorship was removed
- Freedoms like speech were introduced
- Civic actions attracted large groups of people
Conclusion
- Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor, introduced laws, and implemented a uniform system of weights and measures
- His actions influenced the modern nation-state structure
- The ideals of liberty, democratic rights from the French Revolution were important for later movements
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics of the French Revolution including the end of the monarchy and the Declaration of the Rights of Man. It also examines societal divides and the struggles faced by the common people in late 18th century France. Perfect for 9th graders looking to boost their knowledge and exam scores.
