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• Community Organizing is a process of uniting health services, agencies, and community members.
• The aim is to identify problems, plan activities, act, and evaluate collectively.
• Its emphasis lies in strengthening community members' problem-solving and decision-making capabilities, which is vital for self-reliant development.

Roles of a Community Health Nurse

• Manager
• Guide
• Advocate
• Coordinator
• Counselor
• Change Agent
• Health Care Provider
• Nurse Trainer
• Researcher
• Organizer
• Leader
• Educator, is the primary role, focusing on health promotion and illness prevention
• Supervisor

Community Organizer

• Mobilizes individuals, families (sick or well), and the community to address issues, needs, and problems collectively
• Assessment is completed through research

Participatory Action Research

• It involves investigation into community problems through research, with community representatives actively participating.
• Local researchers and community health nurses participate
• Community members act as researchers, studying their issues
• The element is participation

Participatory Action Research Objectives

• Encourages awareness of suffering and empowers people to determine their own problems' causes.
• Analyzes problems, develops competence for change, and promotes independent action in response to the problems.

Ideal Participatory Research Process

• Community involvement includes identification of research problem.
• Formulation of research design.
• Data gathering.
• Validation of research.
• Data presentation.
• Recommendation and action of activities.

COPAR Phase/Process

Pre-Entry Phase

• At the NGO Level:
• Formulate institutional goals, revise curriculum, train faculty for COPAR, and coordinate inter-departmental participation.
• At the Community Level: Involves consultations, setting issues related to site selection, and developing site selection criteria.
• Criteria for Selecting a Community:
  • Site must be depressed, underserved, oppressed, poor, exploited, and/or struggling.
  • The area should preferably not have serious peace and order problems.
• Community should be willing to be organized and need health assistance, assessable via vital health statistics, malnutrition rate, and lack of healthcare.
• The community must also have counterpart support, commitment, resources and accessibility to transport and communication.
• Activities at the Community Level: Site selection and Preliminary Social Investigation (PSI) to identify contact persons.

Entry Phase

• Integration with the Community:
  • The main goal being to gain trust which includes courtesy calls to the Barangay Captain, establishing rapport, imbibing their lifestyle by living and immersing in the community
• Sensitization of the Community: Social preparation through information campaigns on health services.
• Continuing/Deep Social Investigation: Collecting, collating, and analyzing the Community data.
• Core Group Formation (CG): Involves identifying potential leaders with characteristics:respect, responsibility, commitment, good communication skills, and influence within the community
• Self-awareness and leadership training and coordination with other organizations.

Community Diagnosis/Study Phase

• Activities selection of research team, training on data collection, planning, data gathering, training/community validation, presentation of community study/diagnosis and recommendations, and prioritizing needs/problems.

Community Organizing/Capability Building Phase

• Activities include community meetings to draw up guidelines, election of officers, development of management systems and roles, functions, and tasks of officers as well as training leaders and team-building exercises for cohesiveness and Action-Reflection-Action Sessions.

Community Action Phase

• Activities include organization and training of Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) as village or grassroots workers as well as Project Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation (PIME).
• Resource mobilization (5 M's): Manpower, Machine, Material, Method, Money, and Space and Setting up linkages, networks, and referral systems.

Sustenance and Strengthening Phase

• Activities formulation and ratification of the bylaws, identification of secondary leaders, setting up a financing scheme, continuing education and training of BHWs as well as developing long-term community health development plans and formalizing linkages and networks.

Turnover/Phase Out

• Transfer of community organizer roles, responsibilities, documents and subsequent follow-up.
• The main goal of Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) to attain Community Development (Better Quality of Life) by meeting basic needs, ensuring equal rights, achieving self-reliance, and promoting active participation.
• The focus of Community Organizing is to achieve self-reliance, where Teamwork is the concept, participation of people is the element, and teaching/training/transfer of technology are the strategies.

Guidelines for Survey Forms & Tabulating Data

• Include interviewees in the list of family members.
• The members should be those presently residing with the family, including helpers.
• Marital Status to be recorded as Single (S), Married (M), Common-law (CL), Widowed (W), Separated/Divorced (Sep).
• Single refers to a person never married; Married to a person living with a legally married partner and Common-law to a person in a non-legal marriage, a widowed person has not remarried and separated/divorced indicates legal separation due to discord
• Full-time is based on a contract for a standard 35 - 40 hours weekly while part-time has fixed or varied hours, that are lesser.
• Casual work means a worker is hired on an hourly or daily basis for short-term, irregular, or seasonal tasks.
• Temporary/contract work for a set time to complete projects or replace someone on leave.
• Highest Educational Attainment refers to the highest level completed in the formal education system.
• Classification can also be Farmer, Housekeeper, DH - Employee - etc.
• Religion: Islam, Christians (Catholics, Protestants, etc.).
• Fully immunized child (FIC) has one dose of BCG, three doses of OPV/DPT/HB, and one dose of measles before their first birthday.
• Complete immunization meets all age-based requirements.
• Construction materials include light materials like bamboo, mixed materials like wood/concrete, and strong, concrete houses

Types of Latrines

• Overhung latrine construction over a body of water allowing excreta to fall freely
• Open pit privy covers a platform with a hole but may be uncovered
• Closed pit privy - hole over the platform or toilet floor with cover
• Bored-hole latrine deep hole made with boring equipment
• Water-sealed latrine (non-antipolo) with a water sealed toilet bowl
• Flush type - waste system through pipes (sewers) into a public sewerage system, or into an individual disposal system
• Antipolo - a toilet on a raised platform where waste pit is dug

Drainage Systems

• Open drainage uses pipes to an open pit or canal.
• Blind drainage uses closed pipes to an underground pit/covered canal.
• None - water simply flows from the source to the ground after being used.

Waste Disposal Methods

• Hog feeding is when garbage is used as a hog fee
• Open dumping piles refuse or garbage in a place uncovered
• Open burning involves regularly burning garbage in a designated place
• Burial involves covering waste and garbage in a pit
• Composting involves layering organic waste to hasten decay for use as fertilizer
• Garbage collection is when the waste/garbage is collected by garbage truck or any form of collection in the community.

Community Health Data Sheet, Elements, Color Coding

• Submit with the alphabetized household list, arrange per sitio, number based on map, and summarize.
• Individual households, locations, distances and physical characteristics of the community should all be included and listed.
• Indication of individual household locations, distances and physical characteristics of the community such as waterways, land use, infastructure, non-residential structures, boundaries and water sources.
• Red means stop or danger, yellow means needs improvement while green means go/safe and blue means "none".
• The community’s health indicators consist of immunization, prenatal care, family planning, nutrition and water.
• Garbage disposal, toilet

Community Health Plan and Gantt Chart

• Gantt chart indicates a visual representation of the schedule for the project
• Typically tasks are shown on the vertical axis and time span on the horizontal axis.
• The health datasheet keeps an eye on at least seven public health programs in the households.
• The health indicators include immunization, prenatal care, family planning, adequate nutrition, water, garbage disposal and safe toilet.