Lecture 30 – The Fate of Pyruvate
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Questions and Answers

What is required for glycolysis to continue functioning?

  • Oxygen
  • NAD+ (correct)
  • Glucose
  • ADP
  • Under aerobic conditions, what happens to pyruvate?

  • It is converted to lactate.
  • It is oxidized in the citric acid cycle. (correct)
  • It is fermented to ethanol.
  • It is converted to glucose.
  • What is the primary purpose of fermentation?

  • To produce glucose
  • To regenerate NAD+ (correct)
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To release oxygen
  • Which of the following is a product of lactate fermentation?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in anaerobic conditions for animal cells?

    <p>It is reduced to lactate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environments can lead to temporary anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Muscle cells during intense exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ΔG° value for the complete oxidation of glucose?

    <p>-2.9 x 10³ kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cofactor is necessary for the decarboxylation of pyruvate?

    <p>Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>To convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to acetyl-CoA after it is produced from pyruvate?

    <p>It enters the citric acid cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dihydrolipoamide in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>It transfers acetyl groups to CoA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does phosphorylation affect the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>It inactivates the complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are anaplerotic reactions?

    <p>Reactions that replenish citric acid cycle intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key intermediate that can be replenished via pyruvate carboxylation?

    <p>Oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of a vitamin B1 deficiency?

    <p>Neurological disorders like beriberi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding pyruvate along with organic acids like citrate?

    <p>Increased oxygen consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does malonate inhibit in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>The conversion of succinate to fumarate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three names used to refer to the citric acid cycle?

    <p>Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex increase efficiency?

    <p>Through non-covalent interactions between enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the electron transport chain?

    <p>To oxidize NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>High levels of ADP and NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate?

    <p>Acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction does pyruvate carboxylase catalyze?

    <p>Conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ADP in the regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>It activates the complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound acts as both electron donor and acceptor during fermentation?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction is facilitated by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>Decarboxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the sparker effect in metabolism?

    <p>It indicates the catalytic activity of organic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "cyclic nature" refer to in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>The regeneration of cycle intermediates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the cofactor lipoamide in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

    <p>It picks up acetyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the control of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex crucial in metabolism?

    <p>It determines the direction of acetyl-CoA utilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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